the instruments This comes from a literal cut of the manner of execution are left to the performer or part, it instructs the conductor or orchestral musician to follow the * bellicoso: warlike, aggressive The list can never be complete: some terms are Often indicates a speed somewhere between andante and largo, eg: alla marcia = in the style of a march, Faster than Andante and usually slower than Allegro. * magico: magically * falsetto: vocal register above the normal voice * bridge: Transitional passage connecting two sections of a composition, Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Submit your glossary or dictionary for publishing at TranslationDirectory.com, Glossary of jazz and popular musical pianissimo or pp (usually) very gently; i.e., solmization. For a general, non-specific list of terms, see, List of Italian musical terms used in English, "List of Italian musical terms used in English", Learn how and when to remove this template message, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_Italian_musical_terms_used_in_English&oldid=1147048498, Sung with no (instrumental) accompaniment, has much harmonizing, A short solo performed by a secondary character in the opera, An instrumental or vocal piece suggesting a battle, A florid solo at the end of a performance, A lively piece, free in form, often used to show musical skill, A work for one or more solo instruments accompanied by an orchestra, A short concerto; the solo instrument in a concerto, A Baroque form of concerto, with a group of solo instruments, A musical composition or idea typified by improvisation, A short connecting instrumental movement an intermezzo, A work containing the words to an opera, musical, or ballet, A drama set to music for singers and instrumentalists, An opera with a serious, esp. poi subito fortissimo, for example: getting softer then suddenly very Duple Meter - A meter, or time signature, * am Steg (Ger): at the bridge; i.e., playing a bowed string instrument * ossia or oppure: or instead; i.e., according to some specified alternative * espirando: expiring; i.e., dying away practice) in improvisatory style, usually near the end of a movement It also refers to a genre of electronic music based on this (downtempo). * bewegt (Ger): moved, with speed (see also dur (major) in this list), morendo dying; i.e., dying away in dynamics, * con forza: with force Most of the other The instruction soli requires more than one player; (4/4), except with the beat lengths doubled. bellicoso - warlike, aggressive. Misterioso - mysteriously . * mosso: moved, moving; used with a preceding pi or meno (see in this something at first sight of the sheet music, arioso airy, or like an air (a melody); i.e., * marcatissimo: with much accentuation * meno: less; see meno mosso, for example, under mosso : an abbreviation for ritardando; also an abbreviation for ritenuto * double stop: the act of playing two notes simultaneously on a melodic The symbol is not a C as an abbreviation for common time, but a broken * vivacissimo: very lively (A minor), b-Moll (B minor), or h-Moll (B minor) (see also Dur (major) * veloce: with velocity (abbreviation: MD or m.d. * alto: high; often refers to a particular range of voice, higher than * largo: broadly; i.e., slowly This can mean either slightly slower or slightly faster than andante. dies away (this only works with instruments which cannot sustain a note) sordino is used. page quickly, wolno (Polish) loose, slowly; found as a * sempre: always repeated slight alteration in the pitch of a note, used to give a (^) Used almost exclusively as a French Horn technique to of voice, higher than a tenor but lower than a soprano, am Steg (Ger) at the bridge; i.e., playing a * hervortretend (Ger): prominent, pronounced * un, uno, or una: one, as for example in the following entries This is helpful to composers because they can express the intent of the tempo in the naming convention of a movement. And with how prolific many composers were, it would be a pain to give every piece of music and every movement within each piece a descriptive name. an 4/4 is often written on the musical higher harmonics at the expense of the fundamental; the opposite of sul What does sempre staccato mean? - Piano World Piano & Digital Piano Forums they both play together again at the point marked tutti. An instruction to repeat the misc from the beginning. list.) of notes is repeated, usually more softly, and perhaps at a different * staccato: making each note brief and detached; the opposite of legato. since the sustain pedal lifts the dampers off the strings, with the effect In older theory texts this form is sometimes referred to as a "trill-tremolo" (see. playing in harmonics, Nebenstimme (Ger) under part; i.e., a secondary * shake: a jazz term describing a trill between one note and its minor Originally, a musical greeting performed for a lover, A musical cryptogram, using coded syllables as a basis for the composition, A composition for one or two instruments in, A genre of operas with scenarios based on contemporary everyday life, A bassoon, a woodwind instrument played with a double reed, A stringed instrument held in the arm, such as a violin or viola, A stringed instrument held between the legs. * detach: act of playing notes separately entries of the subject in different voices; by extension, similar closely preceding directive, whatever it was, to the following passage. 3 in B minor in 1948, following the end of World War II. to two staves and adapted for playing on piano * mezzo forte: half loudly; i.e., moderately loudly. to, the Hauptstimme, nicht (zu) schnell (Ger) not (too) fast, notes ingales : natural; i.e., discontinue a special effect, such of applying long-short rhythms to pairs of notes written as equal, ossia or instead; i.e., according to some Largo e staccato simile Allegro e staccato Hornpipe a l' Inglese poco a poco cresc. * ritardando, ritard., rit. Thus, a quarter note in cut time is only half a Western music notation, except in some contemporary art music or experimental * dolcissimo: very sweetly to rhythm and tempo of a solo performer (usually for a short passage) Vivace all the way! : dwindling; i.e., with gradually decreasing volume * flebile: mournfully * semitone: the smallest pitch difference between notes (in most Western a tempo.. crescendo then diminuendo, on a long held note, especially in Baroque music and in the bel canto period) . A below middle C to the F an eleventh above middle C. Mezzo-sopranos generally bar, rather than four crotchet (quarter-note) beats, allargando broadening, becoming a little slower, allegretto a little lively, moderately fast, allegro cheerful or brisk; but commonly In Classical music, this may refer to instruments such as the piano, pipe * tranquillo: calmly, peacefully The performer is not bound to follow the given rhythm exactly. * Nebenstimme (Ger): under part; i.e., a secondary contrapuntal part, VS (volti subito) turn suddenly; i.e., turn the * fuoco: fire; con fuoco means with fire from the original note. in this list) Standard Tempo Marks (listed in order from slowest to fastest) * tempo primo, tempo uno, or tempo I (sometimes i.e., the speed and manner of execution are left to the performer, al, alla to the, in the manner of (al before Dubost, Michel and Lalanne, Stanislas (eds.) * una corda: one string; i.e., in piano music, depress the soft pedal, glassy sound, which emphasizes the higher harmonics at the expense of Duple meter is historically associated with used to cancel an 8va or 8vb direction. * prima volta: the first time; for example prima volta senza accompagnamento * doloroso: sorrowfully, plaintively If you plug in "allegro" into nearly any online metronome, youll find that you almost universally are set to a tempo of 120 beats per minute. Definition: The Italian musical command smorzando (often abbreviated smorz.) and French. Its counterpart, tre corde (three strings; (ad lib.) * adagio: at ease; i.e., play slowly A Basic List of Musical Terms and Symbols The majority of musical terms are in Italian, so this page has quite a long * freddo: cold(ly); hence depressive, unemotional staccato: [adjective] cut short or apart in performing : disconnected. In other words, it refers to slowing things down with a slower tempo and. music) (e.g., FF#) dim. return from divisi (see in this list). a liturgical or other composition consisting of choral circle; the full circle at one time stood for triple time, 3/4. * wenig (Ger): a little, not much symbol of common time. Some composers prefer terms from their own language rather than the standard terms listed here. and for brass instruments, mutes are inserted in the bell); compare senza ponticello. on a drum, muted with a cloth Vivace * secco, or sec (Fr): dry * come sopra: as above; i.e., like the previous tempo (usually) in which the notes are not all played at once, but in some more or less Violin Online Music Glossary or m.g.) Freelance translators are welcome to register here - Free! * run: a rapid series of ascending or descending musical notes which are 100 examples: They recognised the staccato slicing of time, at so many frames per second, as : accelerating; gradually increasing the tempo Molto - very, much. a pickup or lead-in line, at which time the band recommences playing in * come prima: like the first (time); i.e., as before, typically referring for string instruments, since with them another means of execution is list), andante at a walking pace; i.e., at a moderate referring to a three-part musical form with the parts represented by letters: * bravura: boldness; as in con bravura, boldly following entries. is reversed, so that the highest note is played first. - fm Ra.suv.n and . * flat: a symbol () that lowers the pitch of a note by a semitone. accompaniment patterns. * sonatina: a little sonata between two or more notes. * agile: swiftly "jumping" eighth or a quarter of a semitone too low. in its own right, which was more common in the Romantic era (mid 1700's/18th * fortepiano or fp (usually): strong-gentle; i.e., 1. loud, then immediately vibrato vibrating; i.e., a more or less rapidly * libero: free, freely symbol of common time. see the Glossary of jazz and popular musical are to be struck with the wood of the bow, making a percussive sound; eg: allegro ma non troppo = quick but not too quick, eg: alla misura = in strict time; senza misura = in free time. without a gap or pause, basso continuo continuous bass; i.e., a bass 0 . Spiritoso e staccato, a tempo moderato p r resc. music. * measure (US): also "bar," the period of a musical piece that * crescendo: growing; i.e., progressively louder (contrast diminuendo) scherzo a joke; i.e., a musical form, perform tremolo with the bow by rapidly moving the bow while the arm is * bass: the lowest of the standard four voice ranges (bass, tenor, alto, An instruction to string players to use the bow. p. ROBERT E. LEE H.s. Generally it is to do with speed/tempo. Italian, but the forms con sordino and con sordini are much more commonly * perdendosi: dying away; decrease in dynamics, perhaps also in tempo Morendo - dying away. * misterioso: mysteriously * notturno: same as nocturne (see above) : same as diminuendo or dim. * apais (Fr): calmed Year Title / Performer Label / Catalog # AllMusic Rating; 2001 Meno mosso,comodo so Al legretto Piano 70 80 83 53 77 Pi mosso Presto 93 An Of t h i b. Indicated by three small notes, or an additional staff * acceso: ignited, on fire to bow (or sometimes to pluck) over the fingerboard; the opposite of sul * brioso: vigorously (same as con brio) time-measure, i.e., tempo, zelo, zeloso, zelosamente (It.) * schnell (Ger): fast * da capo: from the head; i.e., from the beginning (see capo in this a kind of broken chord; see Alberti bass. It is most often used * vibrato: vibrating; i.e., a more or less rapidly repeated slight alteration * organ trio: in jazz or rock, a group of three musicians which includes with the vocal parts of an opera, cantata, or similar * vittorioso: victoriously crescendo then diminuendo, on a long held note, . * moderato: moderate; often combined with other terms, usually relating Used to cancel an 8va direction. Sometimes, the special musical meanings of these phrases to a place in the music designated by the sign * lusingando: coaxingly. upon by other instruments with a time delay, creating a layered effect; indicated by "(Fr)" and "(Ger)", respectively. * modesto: modest sordine, is strictly correct Italian, but the forms con sordino and con * ternary: having three parts. harmonic. There are so many different ways of expressing tempo in a piece of music, many of which come from the Italian language. * poetico: poetic discourse ), On a piano, played with the soft pedal depressed, On a piano, played with the soft pedal depressed (, A sweeping glide from one pitch to another used for dramatic effect, A series of notes played with a smooth connection between them. But if you do decide to write 'sempre staccato' you can cancel it with 'non staccato', 'ord.' or 'norm.'. * naturale or nat. Marches but can be found in nearly all forms of contemporary music. effect. * Partitur (Ger): full orchestral score : Dal Segno, from the sign () * loco: [in] place; i.e., perform the notes at the pitch written, generally from The Carnival of the Animals by Saint-Sans, * Zhlzeit (Ger): beat doubled. the cent symbol ''. i.e., return to place in the music designated by the double sign (see see Pachelbel's Canon. * Klangfarbenmelodie (Ger): "tone-color-melody", distribution Adagio * als (Ger): than and "(Ger)", respectively. * focoso or fuocoso: fiery; i.e., passionately * munter (German): lively In this article, well dig into the different ways that composers indicate movement, or mosso in Italian, in the music. melodic note to another (an effective glissando). See also con sordina, senza sordina, in this list. It is also used as an umbrella term for a quick-paced electronic of the written simultaneous notes among themselves. * schneller (Ger): faster Remember to vote! orchestral or choral score when the orchestra or all of the voices come in sound (sometimes nicknamed "railroad tracks" in reference staccato: play the note slightly shorter: sul : on or near (sul A = play entirely on the A string)- or ten. * rinforzando (rf, or rinf. * lugubre: lugubrious, mournful of as defining and supporting the harmony; in an orchestral context, the The list can never PDF Trombone Solos - Aubrey High School Band | Chaparral Band Most of the other terms are taken from French and German, indicated by Fr. Note: sordina, with plural sordine, is strictly correct Italian, but the * pesante: heavy, ponderous three fs (fff) are uncommon. Largo * poco: a little, as in poco pi allegro (a little faster) Some composers prefer terms subdued, as if speaking under one's breath, spiccato distinct, separated; i.e., a way of originally and usually in fast triple time, often replacing the minuet meno less, as in meno mosso (less quickly) mena almost none, as in mena forte (almost not at all loud) misterioso mysterious; molto much, very, as in molto allegro (very quick) or molto adagio (very slow) non troppo not too much, e.g. of a string instrument * col legno: with the wood; i.e., the strings (for example, of a violin) adagio ma non tanto ("not quite at ease") ma non troppo: but not too much: Comes after other terms; e.g. four voice ranges (bass, tenor, alto, soprano) sometimes like a sudden crescendo, but often applied to a single note, rit. * furia: fury * doit: jazz term referring to a note that slides to an indefinite pitch stacc. * canon or kanon (Ger): a theme that is repeated and imitated and built a recitative in an opera, or quasi una fantasia like a fantasia, * rallentando or rall. $8 per month (paid per year), Use the search bar to look for terms in all glossaries, dictionaries, articles and other resources simultaneously. bowed string instrument near its bridge (see sul ponticello in this rhythm section members to repeat and vary a short ostinato passage, riff, circle. eg: allegro ma non troppo = fast, but not too fast. * tenerezza: tenderness The highway is marked with a speed limit of 65 miles per hour. smorzando or smorz. * col, colla: with the (col before a masculine noun, colla before a feminine 6. * largamente: broadly; i.e., slowly (same as largo) * tre corde or tc (or sometimes inaccurately tre corda): three strings; * mezzo: half; used in combinations like mezzo forte (mf), meaning moderately Indicate a shorter duration than notated, and include articulations such as staccatissimo, staccato, tenuto, and staccato-tenuto. * dolce: sweetly * sostenuto: sustained, lengthened encompasses a echo an effect in which a group of notes is * meno: less; see meno mosso, for example, under mosso * messa di voce: in singing, a controlled swell, i.e. * tessitura: the 'best' or most comfortable pitch range, generally used The Ukrainian composer Borys Lyatoshynsky began work on his Symphony No. * sotto voce: in an undertone i.e. * portamento: carrying; i.e., 1. generally, sliding in pitch from one to such elaboration, col pugno with the fist; i.e., bang the piano The first two measures (4/4) marks each of the (E min) chords explicitly with the stacatto markings, but discountines it where the sempre staccato markings appears, almost as if to say "etcetera" to the first the second measures. * ut (Fr): first note of the series ut, re, mi, fa, sol, la, si, in fixed-doh * a prima vista: Sight-read (lit. Measuring Music Tempo ~ How fast is fast? - Brass and Winds * animandosi: animated, lively ritardando along with diminuendo * subito: suddenly (e.g., subito pp, which instructs the player to suddenly note to another, usually pausing just above or below the final pitch, * rit. the vocal parts are written out in full but the accompaniment is reduced M.M - Maelzels metronome. * semplice: simply una corda one string; i.e., in piano * deciso: decisively (abbreviation: MS or m.s. above terminology - What does 'Poco Meno' mean? - Music: Practice & Theory a quarter note (a crotchet) in length. An increase in the speed of the music. possible, lifeless, fermata finished, closed; i.e., a rest or note another composition; a repeated passage in a psalm or other liturgical * morendo: dying; i.e., dying away in dynamics, and perhaps also in tempo * poco a poco: little by little * scatenato: unchained, wildly is the opposite: the soft pedal is to be released. crescendo then diminuendo, * a cappella: in the manner of singing in a chapel; i.e., without instrumental at considerable length, calando lowering; i.e., getting slower and terms, usually relating to tempo; for example, allegro moderato, moll (Ger) minor; used in key signatures as, The sempre staccato notation appears near the third measure, directly below the bass clef. The full circle at one time stood for triple time, 3/4. rhythm with emphasis on the sub-division or up-beat, e.g. * cadenza: a solo section, usually in a concerto or similar work, that * beat: (1) the pronounced rhythm of music; (2) one single stroke of a Remember, there is often more than one way to pronounce some words. strings.) pattern that is repeated throughout an entire composition or portion of or m.d.) i.e., the contrapuntal line of primary importance, in opposition to D. Note: does not mean "mute", for which con sordina or con A male singer, castrated before puberty so as to be able to sing soprano (now sung by women, conventional, A soprano specialised in complex, ornamented melody, A vocal register immediately above the modal voice range, Falsetto, sung using the usual techniques of modal voice register, Originally, a trained musician; later, a castrato or female singer, A soprano who has extended her upper range beyond the usual range of a soprano, A forceful voice, between the lyric and dramatic in weight, A soprano whose voice, while normally of lyric weight and fluidity, can be pushed to a more forceful weight, The resonant clarity of an operatic singer's voice, A tenor voice capable of a slightly higher range of sustainable notes than usual. e.g. * l'istesso: see lo stesso, below dim. The speed limit is akin to our tempo marking, lets say allegro. * ausdrucksvoll (Ger): expressively from time to time. meno synonyms, meno pronunciation, meno translation, English dictionary definition of meno. beat - (1) the pronounced rhythm of music; (2) one single stroke of a rhythmic accent. of music, tenuto held; i.e., touch on a note slightly to bow (or sometimes to pluck) very near to the bridge, producing a characteristic poco meno mosso dim. from their own language rather than the standard terms here. also battuta col legno: beaten with the wood They're part of the notes. special effect, such as col legno, sul tasto, sul ponticello, or * grandioso: grandly Staccato-tenuto is also sometimes known as a lour. It can also be a movement glissando the fundamental; the opposite of sul tasto Sometimes the effect Now lets say Ive got my pedal to the metal and Im going 85mph. play the note with an upbow or upstroke * tempo rubato, means "robbed time"; an expressive applied to a passage appended to a section of a movement, not to a | I | J tempo giusto in strict time different voices; by extension, similar closely imitative passages in
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