Stylistics being a relatively new and independent linguistic discipline has recorded an innumerable influx of researches and literary assessment by scholars in that field; new theories, concepts, models and principles have also sprung up in the field of stylistics and attempts have in recent times been made by literary critics and stylisticians to apply these emerging theories and principles into the analysis of texts. analyses: graphological, lexical and syntactic with the semantic implication of each level highlighted. linguistic stylistic analysis of Henrik Ibsen's play, A Doll's House. For this reason, the definition adopted by this study is that given by Wales (2001: 182-183) in A Dictionary of Stylistics. Subsequently, the development of stylistics as an independent field of linguistics, paved way for new theories, principles, concepts and models to aid the perspectives through which meanings and aesthetics are perceived in texts. Different schools of thought worked in explaining and understanding this term, which put a large number of definitions which some of them appear to be overlapping while others seem to be contradictory. which is the smallest phonological Khan and Jabeen (2015:128) see the lexical level of stylistics analysis as the study of the way in which individual words and idioms tend to pattern in different linguistic contexts on the meaning level in terms of stylistics. 2.2.1 Joe Ushie as an African Poet and his Thematic Concerns It was first introduced into use in linguistic studies in the sixties by McIntosh in the year 1961. A lexical study of style involves the identification of the constituents/features of a word in a sentence. Khan and Jabeen (2015) say that this level of stylistic analysis is concerned with the study of the sound system of a given language, that is; the formal rules of pronunciation. ,their ,him, this It deals with culture and it encompasses social context, age group context, racial context, ideological context as well as political and religious contexts. language in order to facilitate the Their researches are a positive response and reaction to one of the controversial questions in relation to this level of linguistic analysis: what are the different levels and sub-levels to be included under the term graphology. This paper takes for granted Firth's (1957) belief that all branches of linguistics are concerned with meaning; and that graphology should therefore receive due attention from linguists as all the. This is evident by the insufficient literature in this discipline. 2.1.2 Stylistics and its central concerns Research in second and foreign language studies and in pedagogical stylistics has increased immensely. While literary stylistics in this light is concerned with the use of linguistic techniques and dwelling heavily on external correlates (history, philosophy, source of inspiration, etc) as well as occasional leap into the elements of language used to interpret a text, the linguistic stylistics is about engaging in stylistic analysis in order to test or define a linguistic model which in turn will contribute to the formation of linguistic theory; the latter also relies heavily on the scientific rules of language in its analysis. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. Look at the sentence in terms of length (short and long sentences), Simples sentences, compound sentences, complex sentences, and complex compound sentences, For instance, those that uses interrogative sentences, Look at the different types of English clause I.e phrases, The internal structure of a word. Various scholars such as Levenston (1992) and Lennard (2005) have attempted series of proposals for a standard pattern of categorization of the elements within the graphological framework of linguistic stylistic analysis. The pedagogical aim of stylistics in teaching (literary) language and how this language functions is based on how we as readers native and non-native come from the word on the page to its meanings, Bex (1999). The theory underlying graphology is that handwriting is an expression of personality; hence, a systematic analysis of the way words and letters are formed can reveal traits of personality. (Wikipedia), is the deviation in which poets disregard the rules of writing. This move however, has given rise to many other linguists like Vachek (1973) Sampson (1985), Coulmas (1991, 1999), Harris (1995) and Eva (2015) who also have researched about the concept of graphology with focus on the properties of alphabets and their historical evolution. The more a critic wishes to substantiate what he says about style, the more he will need to point to the linguistic evidence of texts; and linguistic evidence, to be firm, must be couched in terms of numerical frequency. The second problem formulation is answered by linking up the finding in language features to get the meaning of the poems. Literary stylistics is sometimes referred to Literary Criticism. endobj Stylistics also makes us appreciate that when using language one must learn to respond with the appropriate variety according to the circumstances. On the other, it may bring to light, significant features of style which would otherwise have been overloaded, and so lead to further insights; but only in a limited sense does it provide an objective measurement of style. Stylistics are used to determines the form of language as being used and the effects of that particular variety used, Stylistics also helps us to understand that language has several varieties which are distinctive to each other. Other graphological features include: the unusual but symbolic spacing, the italicizing of certain words and passages to denote a different context, the frequency of some punctuation marks and their prosodic and semiotic effects are the other possible graphological features of poetry. understood without the knowledge of context and There are numerous types of stylistic devices available, each with a distinct goal: to add interest, clarity, and visual appeal to a text. Through grammatical Jane no longer writes fiction. 2.4 Review of Related Literature. In other words, it is the scientific study of style. In the area of stylistics, graphological knowledge is central to the understanding and better appreciation of a literary text. (1964) were crucial for the expansion of the concept in linguistics and stylistics, they still failed to clarify the elements to be analyzed within this category. 2.3 Theoretical Framework These levels include: Lexis, syntax, morphology, graphology, phonology etc. what is stylistics and its levels 1.Phonological level 2.Graphological leve What is Style and Stylistics? To them, Objectivity posits that, such observations and analyses made by a critic should always be backed with tangible linguistic evidence away from intuitive response. One embraces the pedagogical usefulness and potential of stylistics for teaching (the language of) literature. stylistics as a branch of linguistics therefore analyzes how speakers/writers created text as well as how effect is made or achieved. 2.1.6.5 Context Level: Punctuations the features which are signaled out to Focusing on the designer's stylistic vocabulary as expressed in aesthetic themes that . It majorly focuses on achieved graphological through the use of quotation marks. The concept of graphology as a linguistic level of analysis is particularly prominent in stylistics and multimodality. amount of vocabulary writer's style, for example capitalization, Modality-comprise of specific features that are chosen deliberately to produce an overall conversionalised format of language (a report, letter, speech. In summary, both literary and linguistic stylistics should be considered for the process of stylistic analysis to come to a stylistically appropriate interpretation. 4 0 obj BSED ENGLISH 3-A. What's the most energy-efficient way to run a boiler? This term was first brought into use in linguistic studies in the sixties by McIntosh (1961), who considered it an analogous mode to that of phonology. In analyzing a text, the business of a stylistician is to look at many features of the text. This bond is harnessed given the qualities that they share. 2. contribute the totality of stylistic construction What are the arguments for/against anonymous authorship of the Gospels. % 2.1.15 The Place of Deviation in Stylistics the invisible meanings in a text. GRAPHOLOGY It is the study of hand writing. Features of province-identify user to a particular profession, occupational. Doing Stylistics: An Analysis of '(listen)' by E. E. Cummings 1. to answer by embarking on stylistic analysis of the graphetic and graphological, the lexical, syntactic and semantic features of selected 2011 campaign posters in Yola Metropolis of Adamawa state. Stylistic features like graphology, syntax, lexis and semantics are looked into. For example, on the text on the right we can see from the graphological qualities that this text is a newspaper. It is assists in cultivating a sense of appropriate language use, Sharpens our understanding and appreciation of literary works, Helps us achieve adaptation during translation, Helps one in giving a fair judgment in a piece of work, Any bit of speech or writing that you can single out from a particular piece of writing, Graphetic contains features that help to foreground a text eg (italics, underlining, bolding, irregular spelling, capitalization, font size), Phonetic features comprises of spoken languages e.g voice quality, In graphologial level of you consider features like punctuations, spellings, spacing of words, In phonological you consider repetition of sounds, intonation, stress, rhythm and rhyme. If I have a poem, that is a sonnet, with an octave and a sestet - can you then say that this gap between them is a graphological deviation? (doeniadevi.wordpress.com) Share Improve this answer Follow 2.1.6 Linguistic Levels of Stylistic Analysis 1. The study adopted Foregrounding and Multimodality as theoretical frameworks to the stylistic interpretations of the poetry of this author. Secondly, critics also criticize a literary approach which over concentrates on textual values. 8 Burn Road #13-14 Trivex In turn, because of the role of English in the world and the status of World Englishes, there has been a growing awareness of the need for highly profiled environments in which English is taught as a Foreign Language (EFL), for example. What are graphological features? Toolan (1998) defines it as the study of the language in literature. (4) Pedagogy: The activities of educating or instructing; activities that impart knowledge or skill. Style is comparing a set of gestures with another in terms of deviation from the norm for instance, semantic rule and phonological rule. 3.2 Population of the Study It also provides Style is chiefly linguistic, though in some cases graphological features, the layout or arrangement of text, and even the physical characteristics of a text may contribute to a style. Viewed in its historical perspective, however, stylistics may be said to have been influenced by the continental movements mainly by the school of New Criticism, Russian formalism and Prague school, French structuralism and modern linguistics which paved the way for stylistics and later contributed to its development. The syntactic style of the author is chiefly characterised by frequent deviation from English word order. study of, meanings in a Lennards (2005) proposal on the study of graphological elements. This wise claim and assertion suffices my doubt about individual abilityit is as minute as the mustard seed. 2.1.6.6 Semantic Level The study adopted Foregrounding and Multimodality as theoretical frameworks to the stylistic interpretations of the poetry of this author. Syntactic functions such as nouns (as subjects, objects, appositives, tenses etc. These features are used frequently in poetry and provide auxiliary meaning, thought and feelings to the genre of poetry. According to the definition provided above by Isidore (2010), the literary stylistics can take the form of external evidence and the linguistics study can take the form of internal evidence. the study of semantics, word formation, assumption about the world used afterward. individual point of views. Your email address will not be published. In literary stylistics one goes ahead to give additional information that will assist in understanding the text. This is. This graphological deviation foregrounds two different discourses used by the poet; army discourse in the octave, church discourse in the sestet." 1.1 Background to the Study writing: contracted forms, commas, Significantly, by the establishment of a modified model of categorization of Graphological devices, this research will improve the teaching and learning of graphology as a device of literary composition by way of assisting learners to develop linguistic abilities necessary for them to read, understand and respond to literary and non-literary works sensitively. How to force Unity Editor/TestRunner to run at full speed when in background? These more than one time Stylistics studies and describes the formal features of the text, that is, the levels of expression vis--vis the content, thus bringing out their functional significance for the interpretation of the work. 2.2 Background of the Author Stylistics as a method can help explain how a particular use of language works within a text for both the native and the non-native speaker and how texts are interpreted and understood by the reader. The nineteenth century, being characterized by revolutionary discoveries in the natural science and the rise of social science, such Sociology and Anthropology, provided a suitable atmosphere for the emergence of an objective and analytical method of inquiry. For example as a way of learning more about somebody's character through his writing: contracted forms, commas, stops, question marks etc. To every other person, whose names escaped my linguistic description on this space, I am grateful equally, for the character you played towards the success of this academic research. 3.4 Research Instrument The use of the word may be unfamiliar. That is an act of bringing This research project intends to carry out a stylistic investigation of selected Christopher Okigbos Socio-political Poems. Whereas linguistic stylistics begins and concludes its analysis and synthesis from the literary text itself, rigorously examining how a special configuration of language has been used in the realization of a particular subject matter, quantifying all the linguistic means (including imagery) that coalesced to achieve a special aesthetic purpose; literary criticism does not suffer that restriction to the work of art under analysis. meaning in a piece of text spoken or Here, such features as the use of punctuation marks to create stylistic effects are significant. So, stylistics is a bridge science, creating a bond between linguistics and literature (Akwanya 2006:163). Degree in English. The traditional dualistic view later clashed with the monist organic view of style of the new critics. It only takes a minute to sign up. These are discussed under the following captions Graphological Features Lexical repetition, words are repeated in which synonyms or near-synonyms may be used. The study was a stylistic analysis of the syntactic features and cohesive devices in the columnists use of language in Nigerian Newspapers. How to subdivide triangles into four triangles with Geometry Nodes? From the aspects of graphological features, lexical features, syntactic features and semantic features, the thesis summarizes the stylistic features of English news report of public health emergency. It also assists in understanding the meaning of a text. and morphology. Moving out 6. In this respect, stylistics is interested in (Regional dialect), Which social class does the person belong to? 2.3.2 Graphological Features. This author belongs the generation of Nigerian poets often referred to as Contemporary poets. The most distinct graphological feature in poetry is the linear arrangement of the poem in contrast to paragraphing in the case of prose.  L ro#G*o"rY:wDs54!NUt4;>h Finally, Wellek and Warren (1977: 176) opine that linguistic study becomes literary only when it serves the study of literature; when it aims at investigating the aesthetic effect of language (Eyoh 2005). E.E CUMMING plays with form and structure and he uses nontraditional punctuation to push the boundaries of what, words can mean. It Examples A Stylistics Analysis of Hope is the thing with feathers by Emily Dickinson Essays on Literary Criticism. example as a way of learning more In summary, Stylistics is concerned with the writers deployment of the formal properties of a text and how readers interact with the language of (literary and non-literary) texts in order to explain how we understand, and are affected by texts when we read them. The knowledge gained from the study of pedagogical stylistics will help students in understanding how language, grammar and rhetoric function in texts. Certain characteristic use of words may help us to identify the context of a text, its genre, its communicative purposes, its author, and so on. meaning, ideas, focuses and Over the years, stylistics has often been aligned with literary criticism. Pedagogical stylistics is intrinsically linked with the teaching of the linguistic features of written texts as a means of enhancing students understanding of literature and language. However, this research focuses on written forms. Literary stylistics focuses exclusively on literary texts. It is done on the purpose of commenting on the quality of a text. Text Analysis in Stylistics. This is why it is often regarded as a prostitute according to (Jeffries and McIntyre, 2010). 8j{~Z+ca*sI^,D8J~C[~t{* Introduction The other includes the role of stylistics in L1 and L2 pedagogies, that is, the teaching and learning of (English) language through literature. 2.3 Features of Linguistic Stylistics. Many scholars have all shared their diverse views about the levels of stylistic analysis. Graphology, unlike other linguistic genres such as syntax, phonetics or morphology, is a controversial concept whose meaning tends to be blurred. Syntactic level Some of the features that can be focused on in a linguistic stylistic analysis are lexical repetition, lexico-semantic level, syntactic level, phonological level (sounds), graphological level, and literary stylistics. There are different linguistic levels of analyzing a literary or non-literary text. It covers how some stylistic devices are applied in the female and male perfume advertising slogans based on four levels: the graphological level, the lexical level, the syntactic level and the semantic level. Among these theories and concepts is the principle of deviation, which is a part of the concerns of the present study. occurrences may help in developing the understanding of This, as a matter of fact makes it rather difficult sometimes to draw a clear line between literary stylistics and linguistic stylistics. intonation and their relation to rhythm. What positional accuracy (ie, arc seconds) is necessary to view Saturn, Uranus, beyond? 5. It was mainly developed in UK stylistics, and generally applied to the description and study of poetry and literary texts, although this was not always the case (Crystal and Davy 1969). Apart from proposing a model of categorization of the graphological devices for the stylistic analysis of texts, the major purpose of the study is to carry out a graphological analysis of Joe Ushies poetry. rhythm, syllable which carries It describes patterns of writing that distinguish the writer's style, for example capitalization, punctuation, spacing and so on. Meanings are judged through Stylistics hardly develops a theory of its own; instead, it relies so much on theories developed from other disciplines such as literature, photography, psychology, history and a lot more others. Stack Exchange network consists of 181 Q&A communities including Stack Overflow, the largest, most trusted online community for developers to learn, share their knowledge, and build their careers. Khan and Jabeen (2015:128) see this as the analogous study of a languages writing system and formalized rules of spellings. Introduction to Stylistics The Nature and Goals of Stylistics 11 Course Module 1. about somebody's character through his also a branch of semantics which allow This can be seen in two ways. CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background to the Study The use of language is one of the most distinctive characteristics of the human species. It describes Style has been variously defined according to its orientation in the writers personality, the impressions of the reader, an individual text and the collective features of a genre. analysis of text we can know the authors These are discussed under the following captions Graphological Features linguistic stylistic analysis of Henrik Ibsens play, A Dolls House. The This was the perception behind this notion about 2000 years ago. They include: Spelling, punctuation, typography and layout (see table 1) below. Van Peer (1993), for instance, considered typographic foregrounding and its evolution as a The graphological level: In this respect, stylistics is interested in how the writer uses the graphic resource of his language to give expression to his ideas and achieve his effects. Pick a pair of samples and try to identify the similarities and differences in the stylistic features (lexical, grammatical, semantic levels) of the two samples . Phonological and Graphological level Feb. 1, 2017 0 likes 6,964 views Download Now Download to read offline Education a brief summary of phonological and Graphological level in stylistics. The inseparable nature of language and literature makes it is impossible for one to specialize in literature without being competent in the language in which the literature is written. At the semantic level, words may be used to produce denotative, connotative, collocative, affective, thematic, or stylistic meanings based on the speakers or writers intention. I am not ungrateful to them, for making the knowledge readily available and at my disposal. Rhyme scheme study of invisible It is based on the premise that stylisticians who are involved with teaching should be aware of the pedagogical orientation and reading paradigms which inform their practice. The phonological style of the author comprises four sound features: alliteration, assonance, consonance and rhyme.
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