what is the border between france and germany called

The Franco-German border (French: Frontire entre l'Allemagne et la France; German: Grenze zwischen Deutschland und Frankreich) separates France and Germany and has a length of 450km (280mi), about half of it along the Rhine. The nine countries that Germany shares its land boundary with are Austria, the Netherlands, the Czech Republic, France, Luxembourg, Denmark . Geographically strategic, it was fought over for centuries between the French and Germans and Alsace and Lorraine. Three national parks are located along the border: Vanoise National Park and Mercantour National Park on the French side and Gran Paradiso National Park on the Italian side. France borders Belgium and Luxembourg in the northeast, Germany, Switzerland, and Italy in the east, the Mediterranean Sea, Monaco, Spain, and Andorra in the south. Maginot Line. "Deutschland behlt Extra-Grenzkontrollen | DW | 04.12.2019", Franco-Dutch treaty on Saint Martin border controls, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=FranceGermany_border&oldid=1130775265, 1648 establishments in the Holy Roman Empire, Short description is different from Wikidata, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 31 December 2022, at 22:35. On October 29, they pronounced the annexation of Savoy to France. The border continues eastward along the Pyrenees to Andorra ( 423613N 12630E ). Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). The vast German and French armies that then confronted each other were each grouped into right and left wings. Linguistically, the German dialect known as Alsatian remains the lingua franca of the region, and both French and German are taught in the schools. ), officially the French Republic (French: Rpublique franaise) is a transcontinental country spanning Western Europe and overseas regions and territories in South America and the Atlantic, Pacific and Indian Oceans. Leopolds candidacy was withdrawn under French diplomatic pressure, but Prussian King William I was unwilling to bow to the French ambassadors demands that he promise to never again allow Leopold to be a candidate for the Spanish throne. In 1975, the French-German-Swiss intergovernmental agreement created an intergovernmental . "[1] According to Sahlins, "as a model of French identity, it formed part of a constitutive myth of the state."[1]. claimed and administered French territory, Franco-Dutch treaty on Saint Martin border controls, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=FranceItaly_border&oldid=1133219626, Short description is different from Wikidata, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 12 January 2023, at 19:22. The actual border was determined in the Congress of Vienna in 1815. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. History [ edit] The origin of the international border can be traced back hundreds of years when medieval Slavic and German tribes inhabited the region. Prussia's defeat of Austria in the Seven Weeks' War in 1866 had confirmed Prussian leadership of the German states and . An estimated one million people live in regions found on both sides of the border. The maritime border between Germany and the United Kingdom lies in the North Sea, while the Sweden-Germany maritime border is located in the Baltic Sea. Following the Treaty of Paris, the end of the Saint-Nicolas plateau now delimits the border 10 kilometres (6.2mi) below the Mont Cenis Pass. The debate over France's borders continued throughout the nineteenth century. The debate resurged in 1830 at the independence of Belgium and then between 1871 and 1918, when Alsace-Lorraine was annexed and incorporated by the German Empire. The border follows the Upper Rhine from the tripoint (Dreilndereck) with the French-Swiss and the German-Swiss borders at Basel (.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}473524N 73520E / 47.590N 7.589E / 47.590; 7.589), passing between Strasbourg and Offenburg. Spain has an exclave in France, Llvia, in the Pyrnes-Orientales. It passes Saarbrcken, Petite-Rosselle, Freyming-Merlebach, Creutzwald (where it follows the Bist for a short stretch), berherrn, and meets the E29 before it terminates at the French-Luxembourgian-German tripoint on the Moselle, near the village of Schengen, Luxembourg (492736N 62208E / 49.460N 6.369E / 49.460; 6.369; chosen as the symbolic site for the signing of the Schengen Agreement between France, Germany, and the Benelux countries in 1985). In 1860, the Treaty of Turin links the Savoy and County of Nice to France; the border between the French Empire and the Kingdom of Sardinia was surveyed the following year. The city of Baarle-Hertog forms a Belgian exclave in the Netherlands. It lies 2.5 miles (4 km) west of the Rhine River on the Franco-German frontier. Was Strasbourg ever part of Germany? The Prussian chancellor, Otto von Bismarck, and Spains de facto leader, Juan Prim, persuaded the reluctant Leopold to accept the Spanish throne in June 1870. The French Republic [1] has terrestrial borders with 10 sovereign states, 8 bordering Metropolitan France [2] and 2 bordering the Overseas Departments [3] [4] of France, totaling 3,959 kilometres (2,460 mi). For General Adam Philippe de Custine, commander of the Army of the Rhine, "if the Rhine is not the limit of the Republic, it will perish" (Si le Rhin n'est pas la limite de la Rpublique, elle prira). A border is a real or artificial line that separates geographic areas. The overseas departments and territories of France are not part of the Schengen Area. The French government reorganised the newly enlarged left bank of the Rhine and created four new departments: Mont-Tonnerre, Rhin-et-Moselle, Roer and Sarre. It has flavors of both France and Germany and sits right on the border of the two countries in the new Grand Est region of France. Middle Francia (Latin: Francia media) was a short-lived Frankish kingdom which was created in 843 by the Treaty of Verdun after an intermittent civil war between the grandsons of Charlemagne resulted in division of the united empire.Middle Francia was allocated to emperor Lothair I, the eldest son and successor of emperor Louis the Pious.His realm contained the imperial cities of Aachen (the . Out of these, the cookies that are categorized as necessary are stored on your browser as they are essential for the working of basic functionalities of the website. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Performance". The war marked the end of French hegemony in continental Europe and resulted in the creation of a unified Germany. Danton's rhetoric was spread throughout the occupied territories by the representatives of the Convention and the local supporters of the French,[7] in order to prepare and justify the annexation of the territories. After the victory of Valmy on September 20, 1792, the National Convention urged the soldiers to go after the Prussian armies of the other bank of the Rhine. Plebiscites were instrumental in the demarcation of the border, in line with the Treaty of Versailles. rivers that form the border between Germany and Poland! Even so, the French were beaten at the Battle of Neerwinden on March 18, 1793, and were forced to leave Belgium. Where is the border between France and Germany? The Alsace-Lorraine region has been at the center of an international tug of war between the two countries for nearly two centuries. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. internal borders of the Schengen Area). Moreover, its population was initially enthusiastic over the new French republic, and German rule remained unpopular for some years among the inhabitants, who continued to protest the German annexation. French resistance was carried on against desperate odds by a new government of national defense, which assumed power in Paris on September 4, 1870, and proclaimed the deposition of the emperor and the establishment of the Third Republic. 1,177 people on the wanted list were arrested, there were 1,235 breaches of residency laws, 406 breaches against narcotics laws, 205 breaches of weapons laws, 47 cases of falsified documents, and 19 people with extremist backgrounds were hindered from entering Germany. Germany would later invade Poland during the Second World War, but after its defeat in the war, the border was reconstructed and followed the traditional border along the Neisse and Oder rivers. That same day, about 40 miles (65 km) to the northeast, the commander of the French left wing, Marshal Achille Bazaine, was dislodged from near Saarbrcken and fell back westward to the fortress of Metz. Shortly after the start of the western border, following the course of the river Bidasoa, Pheasant Island located in the middle of the river has a particular border regime: the island is a condominium whose sovereignty is shared between the two countries determined by if it is the first or the second half of a year.[1]. Strasbourg, German Strassburg, city, capital of Bas-Rhin dpartement, Grand Est rgion, eastern France. Strasbourg is the ultimate European city. After the first abdication of Napoleon on April 6, 1814, France lost, by the Treaty of Paris, all its territories conquered after 1792. the incoming of the SS. Functional cookies help to perform certain functionalities like sharing the content of the website on social media platforms, collect feedbacks, and other third-party features. Political and geographic theory developed in France, "Les limites de la France sont marques par la nature, nous les atteindrons des quatre coins de l'horizon, du ct du Rhin, du ct de l'Ocan, du ct des Pyrnes, du ct des Alpes. Bismarck edited Williams telegraphed description of this interview, and on July 14 he published this provocative message (the Ems telegram), which accomplished his purposes of infuriating the French government and provoking it into a declaration of war. After suffering a check at the Battle of Wrth on August 6, 1870, the commander of the French right (south) wing, Marshal Patrice Mac-Mahon, retreated westward. In 1995, with the entry into force of Schengen Agreement, border controls for people and goods were abolished, thus ensuring freedom of movement across the border. It runs from the Alps in the north, a region in which it passes over Mont Blanc, down to the Mediterranean coast in the south. But along the German-French border, thoughts of. The French right wing, commanded by Mac-Mahon and accompanied by Napoleon himself, attempted to relieve Bazaine but was itself encircled and trapped by the Germans at Sedan on August 31. Omissions? Including all of its territories, France has twelve time zones, the most of any country. The Rhine forms the eastern border of Alsace on the French side and the western border of Baden-Wrttemberg on the German side. Most importantly, Germanys annexation of Alsace-Lorraine aroused a deep longing for revenge in the French people. The Schleswig border recorded an influx in cross-border movement in the Second World War after many German refugees crossed into Denmark. [3] The French emperor, Napoleon III, declared war on Prussia on July 19, 1870, because his military advisers told him that the French army could defeat Prussia and that such a victory would restore his declining popularity in France. Where is the Rhine River in France and Germany? The Maginot Line was the battle line between France and Germany. During the political upheavals of the French Revolution, the revolutionaries of 1789 adopted the idea of "natural borders", which in the case of France's eastern border was primarily defined as the Rhine river. France-Luxembourg border. The Rhine forms the eastern border of Alsace on the French side and the western border of Baden-Wrttemberg on the German side. Territory of Alsace-Lorraine. But opting out of some of these cookies may affect your browsing experience. Alsace-Lorraine was the name given to the 5,067 square miles (13,123 square km) of territory that was ceded by France to Germany in 1871 after the Franco-German War. The area was initially part of the Kingdom of France but was acquired by the German Empire in 1871 in the aftermath of the Franco-Prussian War. Under German rule, Alsace-Lorraine was classified as a Reichsland (imperial state) and was denied effective self-government until 1902. The French built the line of concrete fortifications, obstacles, and weapons installations along their border with Germany during . The following day, the Germans on the surrounding heights poured deadly artillery fire down on them. Upstream of Karlsruhe (485801N 81402E / 48.967N 8.234E / 48.967; 8.234), the border leaves the Rhine, cutting westward to forming the northern border of Alsace and Lorraine on the French side, and the southern border of Rhineland-Palatinate and Saarland on the German side. However, most of the current international border was established as a result of the 1920 Schleswig plebiscites that saw the subdivision of the duchy of Schleswig between the two countries. The assembly ceased to recognise Victor Amadeus III of Sardinia as the sovereign. The overseas departments and territories of France are not part of the Schengen Area. The plebiscites were conducted following provisions of the Treaty of Versailles, in the aftermath of the First World War, which Germany lost. According to University of California, Berkeley, historian Peter Sahlins, "as a model of French identity, it formed part of a constitutive myth of the state. Under the Consulate and the First French Empire, Napoleon expanded France to its theoretical natural borders through his conquests, mainly with the goal of controlling the coasts. First is the Peace of Westphalia (1648), which . The two countries established the French-Italy relation in 1861 when the interstate boundary was created. France's territory was stretched beyond the Rhine by the annexation of the Kingdom of Holland (1810), and the north coast of Germany to Lbeck (1811), beyond the Pyrenees by the annexation of part of Catalonia (1812), and beyond the Alps by the annexation of parts of Italy between 1801 and 1805. Human rights groups called the punishment excessive. The Germans had superiority of numbers, since, true to Bismarcks hopes, the South German states (Bavaria, Wrttemberg, and Baden) regarded France as the aggressor in the conflict and had thus sided with Prussia. This territory was retroceded to France in 1919 after World War I, was ceded again to Germany in 1940 . A marker on the French side of the border in Alpes-Maritimes. Empire after they won the Franco-Prussian War. germany The German military said on Monday it had flown out 311 people so far from an airfield near Khartoum. The natural border divided the then Frankish Empire and Denmark. Jules Michelet, in his History of France, saw in it a deterministic cause of the history of France. They correspond to the Rhine, the Atlantic Ocean and Mediterranean Sea, the Pyrenees and the Alps, according to the revolutionaries. Alsace-Lorraine, German Elsass-Lothringen, area comprising the present French dpartements of Haut-Rhin, Bas-Rhin, and Moselle. The victories of Napoleon Bonaparte in Italy forced Austria to sign the treaty of Campo Formio on October 27, 1797. Another 45 cairns mark the border around Llivia; they are numbered anticlockwise from the number 1 at the entrance of the French road RD-68 in the enclave. It does not store any personal data. Language links are at the top of the page across from the title. The natural borders of France (French: Frontires naturelles de la France) were a nationalist theory developed in France, notably during the French Revolution. The border between France and Germany France shares a border with many countries including Switzerland, Monaco, Belgium, Spain and Italy, but this story is concerned with the border to the east, that neighbours Germany. The international border is the second-longest that Germany shares with another country, with a total length of 437 miles. Sbastien Dubois, "La conqute de la Belgique et la thorie des frontires naturelles de la France (XVIIeXIXe sicle)," in Laurence Van Ypersele (dir. This article was most recently revised and updated by, https://www.britannica.com/place/Alsace-Lorraine, CRW Flags - Flag of Alsace-Lorraine (France) under German occupation (1870-1919), Minority Rights Group International - Alsatians and Lorrainians, Alsace-Lorraine - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up).
What Are The Alternate Events For The Acft?, Karina Mitchell Bloomberg Age, Can Female Zebra Finches Have Orange Cheeks, How Far Can A Duck Swim Underwater, Rv L Shaped Couch, Articles W