unbelted vehicle occupants reach 0

208 requires a seat belt warning system for the driver's seat, but not other seating positions. The OFR/GPO partnership is committed to presenting accurate and reliable Paul Schroeder & Melanie Wilbur. Among those that supported requiring rear seat belt warnings were IEE S.A., Consumers Union, Insurance Institute for Highway Safety, the Automotive Occupant Restraint Council (now known as the Automotive Safety Council), and the American Academy of Pediatrics. 16. WebIn 2020, 607 child passengers* ages 12 and younger were killed in motor vehicle crashes in the United States, 1 and more than 63,000 were injured. The Secretary must also consider whether a proposed standard is reasonable, practicable, and appropriate for the types of motor vehicles or motor vehicle equipment for which it is prescribed and the extent to which the standard will further the statutory purpose of reducing traffic accidents and associated deaths. 3. trailer We also seek comment on whether any vehicles within the broad applicability criteria should be exempt. 4092 81 It has also been pointed out that the research on seat belt use and acceptability among drivers may not be representative of situations where multiple passengers are present and that further evaluation is warranted on the annoyance and acceptance of seat belt warnings. NHTSA could potentially establish criteria in NCAP for rear seat belt warning systems as it does for other vehicle safety features. DOT 2009 Belt Warning Study, supra, p. 8; Schroeder & Wilbur, supra, p. 33. For example, the system could indicate how many or which rear seat belts are in use (a positive-only system); how many or which rear seat belts are not in use (a negative-only system); or how many or which rear seat belts are in use and how many or which rear seat belts are not in use (a full-status system). NOPUS is the only nationwide probability-based observational survey of seat belt use in the United States. 2015. We also seek comment on how to quantify the effectiveness of a rear seat belt warning system, including data related to this. documents in the last year, 1008 [14] curve of a highway. In addition, you should submit a copy, from which you have deleted the claimed confidential business information, to the docket at the address given above under ADDRESSES. The RFC discussed the agency's research and findings regarding requiring rear seat belt warnings and solicited comments. Most currently-produced vehicles also have a seat belt warning for the front outboard passenger seat, although FMVSS No. By definition, a motor vehicle crash must involve at least one motor vehicle in transport. 30111,[43] Should the criteria Start Printed Page 51085take into account the presence of child restraint systems? Indicate which specific rule(s) led to your conclusion. Drivers should not be influenced by friends or peer groups when driving and should make their own decisions in regard to driving habits. [72] The new ECE regulation specifies a first level 30 second visual warning and second level 30 second audiovisual warning for the front seats and a 60 second visual signal for the rear seats. 2002. This option has a target population which is substantially larger than the generic sled test, and is immediately available for implementation. 18. The greatest difference in health between two groups of plants of the same species, one group with mycorrhizae and one group without mycorrhizae, would be in an environment 0000047012 00000 n Making the system resistant to intentional and inadvertent defeat. "%z)MP dxY KrXs4g,JDa7/KEGb"Z>yd Gl/{v:tf\gipiUju}Ymt:zP:r0W T'gwSIHDW! C Seventy-eight percent of drivers were satisfied with the change-of-status warning during a trip; about 1 percent were dissatisfied. on Paul Schroeder & Melanie Wilbur. 208 by removing the 8-second limitation would eliminate the need to differentiate between signals and give vehicle manufacturers greater flexibility in designing their seat belt warning systems. DOT 2007 Acceptability Study, supra, p. 41. the Federal Register. A variety of potential system requirements could be proposed to address this potential issue. 0000046276 00000 n [40] If the electrical connection is not reestablished, the warning system could malfunction or provide inaccurate information. by the Education Department 40. 75 FR 37343 (June 29, 2010) (Docket No. documents in the last year, 84 These are both legitimate questions and while it may seem Alcohol-related crashes cost society $44 billion annually. 6. 0000031853 00000 n Should it be linked to the vehicle's speed and/or transmission position (e.g., forward or reverse, or other criteria), and if so, what should the criteria be, and why? For example, a warning system could be defeated if: There are also scenarios involving inadvertent circumvention that could impact the effectiveness and accuracy of a rear belt warning system. [38] A.) WebFor the optimization with the unbelted driver, only the 0 condition was used as a constraint in the optimization. 12. The second study used an experimental or focus-group-based approach to study consumer acceptance as well as effectiveness. In order to perform compliance testing on a rear seat belt warning system that uses occupant detection, should NHTSA use one or more of these dummies, or specify occupancy conditions based on one of these dummies? Under the second option, when the key is turned to the on or start position, the vehicle must provide a visual warning for 4 to 8 seconds (regardless of whether the driver seat belt is fastened) and an audible warning lasting 4 to 8 seconds, if the driver seat belt is not in use. European New Car Assessment Programme Assessment ProtocolSafety Assist, Version 8.0.2, November 2017. It directs the Secretary to either issue a final rule, or, if the Secretary determines that such an amendment does not meet the requirements and considerations of 49 U.S.C. The first is a large-sample national observational study on the effectiveness of front seat belt warnings. The Moving Ahead for Progress in the 21st Century Act of 2012 directs NHTSA to initiate a rulemaking proceeding to amend Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard No. 11. h[hkg6MMGp7w)**981&Ym55[]DEDD In response, NHTSA amended FMVSS No. 208 to provide a safety belt use warning system for designated seating positions in the rear seat. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Transportation, National Highway Traffic Safety Administration; DOT 2009 Belt Warning Study, supra, p. 1. 208, S7.3; this amendment would reflect MAP-21's repeal of the statutory limitation that was the basis for this provision. Donna Glassbrenner & Marc Starnes. FALSE c. PbSO4\mathrm{PbSO}_4PbSO4 97. WebUnbelted vehicle occupants reach 0 mph by striking the windshield, steering column and dashboard. There are, of course, a variety of other ways the warning system might be intentionally or inadvertently circumvented. Negative-only and full-status systems would provide more direct information to the driver, but might be more technically complex. A.) First, it conducted the multi-phase seat belt Start Printed Page 51088warning study that was part of the research program initiated pursuant to SAFETEA-LU. Please note that pursuant to the Data Quality Act, in order for substantive data to be relied on and used by NHTSA, it must meet the information quality standards set forth in the OMB and DOT Data Quality Act guidelines. 208 requirements for the driver's seat warning. so we also seek comment on whether we should require that this information be displayed in the vehicle instead of (or in addition to) the owner's manual. Three are particularly relevant to today's ANPRM. 94. Obstruction of vehicle windows. [63] are not part of the published document itself. 43. When the ignition or master control switch is deactivated for more than 30 minutes and activated again, a short-term deactivated safety-belt reminder must reactivate. Removable seats are mainly found in the second row of minivans. Your comments must not be more than 15 pages long. [58] [13] If your car was parked and un-occupied when it was damaged you must be on NARA's archives.gov. To ensure that your comments are correctly filed in the Docket, please include the Docket Number found in the heading of this document in your comments. provide legal notice to the public or judicial notice to the courts. Please note that even after the comment closing date, we will continue to file relevant information in the docket as it becomes available. [FR Doc. 0000045887 00000 n PCMAG, 20 Nov. 2022 Across the state in 2021 the seat belt compliance rate was 93.5% but unbelted occupants still accounted for over half of those killed in traffic crashes, the release said. We also seek comment on ways to propose performance requirements that provide manufacturers with the flexibility to design a warning system that is appropriate for each vehicle type. shot of 80 proof whiskey, a 5 oz. In response to the 2005 SAFETEA-LU mandate, NHTSA undertook a multi-phase research study of seat belt warnings. the official SGML-based PDF version on govinfo.gov, those relying on it for Unbelted occupants reach 0 mph by striking the windshield, steering column and dashboard, they deform and crush. 0000042748 00000 n The limited duration driver's seat belt warning requirement has remained in the standard, with some changes, since 1974. Web0 or 180 0 - 50 Numerical simulation is used to reduce the number of possible design variants, optimize the selected variant and, Brace or stiffener 90 or 270 0 - 50 thus shorten the developmenttime. NHTSA seeks comment on the relative merits of such systems. The ECE regulations do not require occupant detection. Prior to the enactment of MAP-21, the agency could not require the audible warning to operate for more than 8 seconds. European New Car Assessment Programme Assessment ProtocolSafety Assist, 3.3. Impressing passengers. 14. WebOption 1 - Combination of Perpendicular and Oblique Rigid Barrier Tests: The first option is the unbelted rigid barrier test of impact speed 0 to 48 kmph and impact angle 0 to 30o. to the courts under 44 U.S.C. In 2015 the agency completed an additional report on the effectiveness and consumer acceptance of rear seat belt warnings, based on a consumer survey. Alternatively (or in addition), NHTSA could specify that a rear seat would be considered occupied when an occupant who weighs at least 21 kg (46.5 lb), and is at least 114 cm (45 in) tall is seated there. Other audible signal characteristics. 0000007972 00000 n 37. Amending FMVSS No. If the change of status occurs below 25 km/h and no doors are opened, the signal may be delayed until the vehicle has been in motion for 500 meters. (C ) that has hot summers and cold winters. [66] If you estimate potential costs or burdens, explain how you arrived at your estimate in sufficient detail to allow for it to be reproduced. [92] If you wish to submit any information under a claim of confidentiality, you should submit three copies of your complete submission, including the information you claim to be confidential business information, to the Chief Counsel, NHTSA, at the address given above under FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT. See Transportation Research Board Study, supra, p. 31 n.3. The warning requirements for automatic belts in S4.5.3 mirror, with some differences, the first compliance option. This seat belt warning option required audible and visible warning signals that lasted for as long as the occupant was unbelted, the ignition was on, and the transmission was in forward or reverse. 16, Revision 9 8.4.3.3 and 8.4.4.5; European New Car Assessment Programme Assessment ProtocolSafety Assist, 3.1.5. In some instances, a visual signal might be displayed as a telltale on the instrument panel or on the vehicle's information display screen. Therefore, at 0 ms the car is impacting the wall. This prototype edition of the 0000014383 00000 n Occupant detection is also likely to add cost to a rear sear warning system. documents in the last year, 422 Federal Register. Please identify comments by the number with which the relevant topic is associated in this document. 208 is intended to reduce the likelihood of occupant deaths and the likelihood and severity of occupant injuries in crashes. 208 requires the driver's seat belt warning to be audio-visual. documents in the last year, by the Justice Department The 2004 Transportation Research Board Report on technologies to increase seat belt use observed that, while limited, the data available to date provide strongly converging evidence in support of both the potential effectiveness and consumer acceptance of many new seat belt use technologies[. Active protection refers to features, such as manual seat belts, that require action by the occupant, while passive protection, sometimes called automatic protection, refers to safety features that do not require any action by the occupant other than sitting in a designated seating position. Most currently-produced vehicles also have a seat belt warning for the front outboard passenger seat, although FMVSS No. With occupant detection, a warning system can provide more informative warnings. Only official editions of the edition of the Federal Register. Learn more here. 22. Unbelted occupants are overrepresented in fatal crashes. For rear seat occupants, seat belts reduce the risk of fatality by 55 percent (for passenger cars) and 74 percent (for light trucks and vans). [ 1] NHTSA published several reports. A positive-only system would be the least technically complex of the three. How much more effective would the more informative negative-only and full-status systems be? 0000045506 00000 n The system can determine whether any seats are occupied by an unbelted occupant, as opposed to simply notifying the driver which or how many belts, if any, are fastened. [50] Developing appropriate attitudes depends on recognizing that attitudes are: Approximately 100,000 police-reported crashes annually involve drowsiness and fatigue as a principal casual factor. In light of the Congressional directives concerning seat belt warnings, NHTSA has taken a variety of actions to research the effectiveness and acceptance of seat belt warnings. The vehicles with seat belt warning systems were Volvos and certain Cadillac and Chevrolet models. [33] WebThe Michigan No-Fault parked vehicle exception provides that only under very specific circumstances will a car accident victim be entitled to No-Fault PIP benefits after being 0000057729 00000 n Euro NCAP and Start Printed Page 51086the revised ECE regulations do not have such specifications. For systems with rear seat occupant detection, a 30-second audible signal needs to activate before reaching a vehicle speed of 25 km/h or before traveling 500 meters when any occupied seat has an unbuckled belt. NHTSA seeks comment on potential consumer acceptance concerns with a proposed seat belt warning system. ______ of traffic fatalities occur within 25 miles of home and below 40 mph. [57] Survey of Principal Drivers of Vehicles with a Rear Seat Belt Reminder System. The amount of alcohol in a 1 oz. See 76 FR 53102 (Aug. 25, 2011) (denial of a petition for rulemaking to mandate the installation of three-point seat belts for all seating positions on all school buses). 208 to provide a safety belt use warning system for designated seating positions in the rear seat. If these vehicles can pass these Telephone: (202) 366-9826. DOT 2009 Belt Warning Study, supra. The second level warning is triggered by threshold criteria based on distance traveled, speed, or duration of travel, which are determined by the manufacturer. documents in the last year. 0000020009 00000 n 0000013419 00000 n 16, Revision 9 8.4.2.4.1.1. to 8.4.2.4.1.3. 16, Revision 9 8.4.4.2. 208 to require a seat belt warning system for rear seats on passenger cars and MPVs with a GVWR of 4,536 kg (10,000 lb) or less. a) a good level of attention Also, the first level warning for rear seats can be dismissed by the driver. 71. If it mandates an audible warning, should NHTSA specify any additional audible warning characteristics (for example, a minimum/maximum sound level)? The warning system in such vehicles might be required to automatically connect the electrical connections when the seat is put in place or, if a manual electrical connection is required, the connectors might be required to be readily accessible. [25] NHTSA also seeks comment on the potential for false warnings, and how this might be addressed. In 2012, Congress passed MAP-21. Many in the child passenger safety community refer to the child restraint anchorage system as the LATCH system, an abbreviation of the phrase Lower Anchors and Tethers for Children. The term was developed by a group of manufacturers and retailers for use in educating consumers on the availability and use of the anchorage system and for marketing purposes. 102. Most new cars are sold with a three-year/36,000-mile warranty. 16, Revision 9 8.4.2.3.1; European New Car Assessment Programme Assessment ProtocolSafety Assist, 3.3.1.1. NHTSA especially seeks any data related to these issues. Issued in Washington, DC, under authority delegated in 49 CFR 1.95 and 501.5. Seat belts protect occupants in various ways. With respect to potential requirements for a visual rear seat belt warning, NHTSA seeks comment on the following: 13. In addition, as discussed above, warning systems equipped with occupant detection are more amenable to audible warnings and enhanced warning features. 0000028439 00000 n corresponding official PDF file on govinfo.gov. It directs the Secretary to either issue a final rule, or, if the Secretary determines that such an amendment does not meet the requirements and considerations of 49 U.S.C. For example, should NTHSA propose requirements for the color of the telltale, required text, pictorial vs. alphanumeric, or whether it flashes? We also note that school buses of all sizes offer passengers compartmentalization protection to reduce the risk of crash injury, even to the unbelted. The audible signal for the front occupants has two stages, an initial and final audible signal, which have different onset criteria. These markup elements allow the user to see how the document follows the Three times the speed will have nine times the force of impact. See infra, Part V. 46. As it continues with this proceeding, NHTSA is seeking comment on a variety of issues related to a potential requirement for a rear seat belt warning system. DOT 2007 Acceptability Study, supra, pp. In 1972, NHTSA adopted occupant protection options for passenger cars that included (for cars that did not provide automatic protection) an interlock system that would prevent the engine from starting if any of the front seat belts were not fastened. 54, No. 1. We believe that occupant detection is voluntarily used in the front passenger seat to avoid having an audible warning activate for an unoccupied seat. Such a warning may reduce the risk of injury to children by alerting the driver that a child has unbuckled his or her seat belt, providing the driver an opportunity to direct the child to re-buckle the belt. documents in the last year, 1471 Their internal organs, still going 35 mph, strike their For complete information about, and access to, our official publications Rear seats are frequently used for child restraint systems attached by a child restraint anchorage system, or LATCH. 0000010422 00000 n NHTSA seeks comment on whether a proposed rear seat belt warning system would meet the requirements and considerations of 49 U.S.C. Would a deactivation feature only be needed for systems with a persistent audible warning? that have the potential to raise and/or sustain safety belt use rates. The report went on to identify several such initiatives, which it classified as either behavioral or vehicle-based. 48. New Because MAP-21 removed the 8-second limitation, NHTSA may require longer-lasting audible warnings. Should NHTSA propose one or more of these systems as requirements or compliance options? 17. For vehicles that have information on the occupancy status of the rear seats, the visual warning does not need to indicate unfastened seat belts for unoccupied seating positions. These can be useful These types of seats might present an issue for a rear seat belt warning system because the electrical connection might not be reestablished for these seats when the seat is reinstalled. Further, in accordance with DOT Order 2100.6, NHTSA has determined that this rulemaking, should it lead to a mandate of rear seat belt systems, would qualify as an economically significant rule, as it would likely impose a total annual cost greater than $100 million; accordingly, NHTSA is using this ANPRM to solicit public feedback before proceeding with a proposed rule. Use the PDF linked in the document sidebar for the official electronic format. The ___ signals the driver to stop behind the limit or crosswalk line before the intersection, Turn lanes are specifically designated lanes in the roadway for turning either right or left. DOT 2009 Belt Warning Study, supra, p. 39 (drivers); p. 45 (passengers). Calculated from Boyle & Lampkin, supra, p. 11 (Fig. Good drivers have a quiet level of efficiency in their actions. Similarly, an audible or visual warning of a change in the status of rear seat belts could be either electronic or mechanical and could include a haptic signal. 2009. (Below we also seek comment on alternative non-traditional approaches.) The petitioners provided a range of estimates for how much a rear seat belt warning system could increase rear belt use. 50. 61. 14. %PDF-1.4 % For rear seats, a visual signal must start once the ignition switch is engaged. NHTSA seeks comment on whether the warning should be visible to the driver, the rear passenger(s), or both. 68 FR 46262 (Aug. 5, 2003). Privacy Act: Anyone is able to search the electronic form of all comments received into any of our dockets by the name of the individual submitting the comment (or signing the comment, if submitted on behalf of an association, business, labor union, etc.). When you send a comment containing information claimed to be confidential business information, you should include a cover letter setting forth the information specified in our confidential business information regulation. Seat occupancy criteria. Section 30111 requires that a Motor Vehicle Safety Standard meet the need for safety, be stated in objective terms, and be practicable, among other requirements. 0000012756 00000 n 41. [95], NHTSA has conducted a variety of research relating to the effectiveness of in-vehicle seat belt warnings. Rear seat belt use in 2017, however, was 75.4 percent. [45] 20. However, such systems might require occupant detection sensors in order to minimize or eliminate false warnings. Moving Ahead for Progress in the 21st Century Act (MAP-21), Public Law 112-141, 31503 (2012). Washington, DC: National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. The Moving Ahead for Progress in the 21st Century Act of 2012 (MAP-21) directs the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) to initiate a rulemaking proceeding to amend Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard (FMVSS) No. Unable to pull the Mustang from underneath the semi, fire crews worked for nearly 30 minutes cutting away the top of the vehicle, as well as two of the doors, to free For infants and toddlers in light trucks, the corresponding reductions are 58% and 59%, respectively. We also seek comment on whether we should propose requiring a single-trip manual deactivation of the seat belt warning system once the minimal signal performance requirements are met, which might diminish the likelihood of circumvention. Rear seat belts are generally required except in certain buses (such as school buses) between 10,000 lb and 26,000 lb, and for school, perimeter, and transit buses over 26,000 lb. In it, we seek comment on a variety of issues related to a requirement for a rear seat belt warning system, including potential requirements for such systems, the vehicles to which they should apply, their effectiveness, the likely consumer acceptance, and the associated costs and benefits. Mark Freedman et al. Foldable, rotating or otherwise stowable seats (e.g., Stow-n-Go, Flip and Fold) are prominent in the third row of minivans or large sport utility vehicles. Accordingly, we recommend that you periodically check the Docket for new material. See S571.3. Similarly, should there be criteria for the duration of the warning? On the basis of the general solubility rules given in Table 7.1, predict which of the following substances are likely to be appreciably soluble in water. migraine headaches Unbelted vehicle occupants reach 0 mph by striking the windshield,steering column, and dashboard. Owner's manual/label requirements. a. Ba(NO3)2\mathrm{Ba}\left(\mathrm{NO}_3\right)_2Ba(NO3)2 208. 84. Next, for the type(s) of occupants upon which the criteria are based, what should the criteria be? This does not include respondents who indicated that they never drive. 4172 0 obj <>stream electronic version on GPOs govinfo.gov. If the docket receives a comment too late for us to consider in developing a final rule (assuming that one is issued), we will consider that comment as an informal suggestion for future rulemaking action. Under good weather and clear visibility, what minimum following distance should you keep between your car and the car in front of you? Register (ACFR) issues a regulation granting it official legal status. Telltale Characteristics. d. Cu(OH)2\mathrm{Cu}(\mathrm{OH})_2Cu(OH)2 NHTSA also seeks comment on whether an audible warning alone, without a visual warning, would be an effective way to alert the driver to the status of the rear seat belts and increase rear seat belt use. Washington, DC: National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. [64] To facilitate an effective warning that advances safety and is appropriate for diverse vehicle types and uses, NHTSA seeks comment on alternative cost-effective solutions that would alert the driver when a rear seat passenger buckles and/or unbuckles. documents in the last year, 83 In addition, rear seats may be less well-defined than most front seats, which could make it more challenging for a sensor to define seat occupancy accurately. documents in the last year, 37 Li, R., Pickrell, T.M. This series of research studies showed, among other things, that the presence of an enhanced front seat belt reminder system increased front outboard passenger seat belt use by about 3 to 4 percentage points more than in vehicles with only a driver seat belt warning system meeting the minimum requirements in S7.3. To prevent unnecessary signals, the system must also be capable of detecting whether the front passenger seat is occupied. 5. DOT HS 812 593). How can I be sure that my comments were received? Unbelted vehicle occupants reach 0 mph by striking the windshield, steering column and dashboard. Modern vehicles are designed to crush when they crash to absorb kinetic energy. Even with modern cars that are designed to absorb the energy of impact, a head-on collision may have more energy than the car design can dissipate. Harmonization with regulatory requirements or new car assessment programs in other markets. the current document as it appeared on Public Inspection on We also seek comment on the costs and benefits of different types of warnings. The signal may also potentially prevent children from unbuckling their seat belts.
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