sicily population 2021

[55], In 826 Euphemius, the Byzantine commander in Sicily, having apparently killed his wife, forced a nun to marry him. If you meet . Fishing is another fundamental resource for Sicily. [167][168] The touristic town of Erice is also an important science place thanks to the Ettore Majorana Foundation and Centre for Scientific Culture which The decline of Mediterranean piracy caused by the Second Barbary War led to a smaller number of coastal towers built during the 19th Century. On the political side notable philosophers include Gaetano Mosca and Giovanni Gentile who wrote The Doctrine of Fascism. There he picked up the many languages he heard spoken, such as Arabic and Greek, and learned some of the lore of the Jewish community. [citation needed] During the reign of this dynasty revolts by Byzantine Sicilians continuously occurred especially in the east where Greek-speaking Christians predominated. [179] Other noted players include Giuseppe Furino, Pietro Anastasi, Francesco Coco, Christian Rigan, and Roberto Galia. Each town and city has its own patron saint, and the feast days are marked by colourful processions through the streets with marching bands and displays of fireworks. [159] Dialects related to Sicilian are also spoken in Calabria and Salento; it had a significant influence on the Maltese language. The metro area population of Palermo in 2022 was 850,000, a 0% increase from 2021. [failed verification] As in the rest of Italy, the official language is Italian and the primary religion is Roman Catholicism. Education Images/UIG via Getty Images. Catania has one of the four laboratories of the Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (National Institute for Nuclear Physics) in which there is a cyclotron that uses protons both for nuclear physics experiments and for particle therapy to treat cancer (proton therapy). The following year he launched an assault from Sicily against the Lombard Duchy of Benevento, which occupied most of southern Italy. After the end of the Roman province of Sicilia with the fall of the Roman Empire in the 5th century AD, Sicily was ruled during the Early Middle Ages by the Vandals, the Ostrogoths, the Byzantine Empire, and the Emirate of Sicily. This increased the attraction of Sicily as a tourist destination.[138]. [108] This difference is mostly caused by the negative influence of the Mafia, which is still active in some areas, although it is much weaker than in the past. Italy has begun a population decline that is expected to shrink the population to 40.18 million by the end of the century. Sicily is claimed and controlled by Italy. Major revolutionary movements occurred in 1820 and 1848 against the Bourbon government with Sicily seeking independence; the second of which, the 1848 revolution resulted in a short period of independence for Sicily. imposed on goods coming from southern Italian manufacturers, that effectively barred them from exporting to the north and abroad, were also key factors that led to further impoverishment of the entire region. [12] Mount Etna is the largest active volcano in Europe and casts black ash over the island with its recurrent eruptions. Sicily Population 2023 Sicily is an island off the coast of Italy. Palermo continued to be the capital under the Normans. [11] The mines of the Enna and Caltanissetta districts were part of a leading sulphur-producing area throughout the 19th century, but have declined since the 1950s. "The Trinacria: History and Mythology | The Symbol of the Hellenic Nature of Sicily | Article by Ninni Radicini." Mainland Sicily has several airports that serve numerous Italian and European destinations and some extra-European. Much of the motorway network is elevated on pillars due to the island's mountainous terrain. [150], Torre Cabrera (Marina di Ragusa) (Marina di Ragusa). The Mafia's origins are still uncertain, but it is generally accepted that it emerged in the 18th century initially in the role of private enforcers hired to protect the property of landowners and merchants from the groups of brigands (briganti) who frequently pillaged the countryside and towns. Sicily and its surrounding small islands have some highly active volcanoes. The typology changed completely in '800, because of the new higher fire volumes of cannon vessels, the towers were built on the type of Martello towers that the British built in the UK and elsewhere in the British Empire. Sicily has long been associated with the arts; many poets, writers, philosophers, intellectuals, architects and painters have roots on the island. In recent decades the wine industry has improved, new winemakers are experimenting with less-well-known native varieties, and Sicilian wines have become better known. Executive power is exercised by the Regional Government. Emperor Michael II caught wind of the matter and ordered general Constantine to end the marriage and cut off Euphemius' head. The separatist behind the movement used a yellow and red flag with the Trinacria in the centre of it. "The Trinacria - Best of Sicily Magazine." The Vandals kept a toehold in Lilybaeum, a port on the west coast. Famous carnivals are in Acireale, Misterbianco, Regalbuto, Patern, Sciacca, Termini Imerese. Ragusa is noted for its honey (Miele Ibleo) and chocolate (Cioccolato di Modica IGP) products. The Trinacria: History and Mythology | The Symbol of the Hellenic Nature of Sicily | Article by Ninni Radicini. Dalla conquista normanna alla fondazione del Regnum Siciliae (10611154), Cassell's Latin Dictionary, Marchant, J.R.V, & Charles, Joseph F., (Eds. potential support ratio: 2.7 (2021 est.) 9 November 2014. For the Roman province, see, Pasquale Hamel L' invenzione del regno. The island has a typical Mediterranean climate. Furthermore, in Sicily, high-quality wines are also produced using non-native varieties like Syrah, Chardonnay and Merlot.[117]. [47] In 461 from the age of seven or eight until 17 or 18 Theodoric had become a Byzantine hostage; he resided in the great palace of Constantinople, was favored by Emperor Leo I (r.457474) and learned to read, write and do arithmetic. A noted sagra is the Sagra del Carciofo or Artichoke Festival, which is held annually in Ramacca in April. This attracted scholars, scientists, poets, artists, and artisans of all kinds. Web. Noto provides one of the best examples of the Baroque architecture brought to Sicily. Trabia, Carlo. The Muslim conquest of Sicily was a see-saw affair and met with fierce resistance. Competing in the basketball variation of Serie A is Orlandina Basket from Capo d'Orlando in the province of Messina, where the sport has a reasonable following. [68] The earthquake in 1693 took an estimated 60,000 lives. The Arabs further improved irrigation systems. Huge waves hit the quayside of the peninsula of Ortygia hours before the Medicane hits land on October 28, 2021 in Syracuse, Italy. The major cities of Sicily start with the island region's capital of Palermo which has a population of around 640,000. The plan has been criticized by environmental associations and some local Sicilians and Calabrians, concerned with its environmental impact, economical sustainability and even possible infiltrations by organized crime.[136][137]. A series of reforms and investments in agriculture, such as the introduction of modern irrigation systems, has made this important industry competitive. The most important colony was in Syracuse; others grew up at Akragas, Selinunte, Gela, Himera and Zancle. The Norman conquest of southern Italy led to the creation of the County of Sicily in 1071, that was succeeded by Kingdom of Sicily, a state that existed from 1130 until 1816. They often perform for tourists. Sicily is now governed by a centre-right coalition. Euphemius rose up, killed Constantine, and then occupied Syracuse; he, in turn, was defeated and driven out to North Africa. To the north-east, it is separated from Calabria and the rest of the Italian mainland by the Strait of Messina, about 3km (1.9mi) wide in the north, and about 16km (9.9mi) wide in the southern part. [116] The best known local variety is Nero d'Avola, named for a small town not far from Syracuse; the best wines made with these grapes come from Noto, a famous old city close to Avola. [30] The Elymians, thought to have come from the area of the Aegean Sea, became the next tribe to join the Sicanians on Sicily.[31]. The sides of donkey carts are decorated with intricate, painted scenes; these same tales are enacted in traditional puppet theatres featuring hand-made marionettes of wood. Palermo - 640,720 2. It took five years before the Ostrogoth capital Ravenna fell in 540. A healthy and relaxed lifestyle. During the Late Pleistocene, a species of dwarf elephant, Palaeoloxodon cf. To have seen Italy without having seen Sicily is to not have seen Italy at all, for Sicily is the clue to everything. [173], The most well-known part of Sicilian cuisine is the rich sweet dishes including ice creams and pastries. Off the southern coast of Sicily, the underwater volcano of Ferdinandea, which is part of the larger Empedocles volcano, last erupted in 1831. The Hundred Horse Chestnut (Castagno dei Cento Cavalli), in Sant'Alfio, on the eastern slopes of Mount Etna, is the largest and oldest known chestnut tree in the world at 2,000 4,000 years old. The most important traditional event in Sicily is the carnival. Today in Sicily most people are bilingual and speak both Italian and Sicilian, a distinct and historical Romance language. [113] From 1360 the threat came from the south, from North Africa to Maghreb, mainly to Barbary pirates and corsairs of Barbary Coast. [32] From about 750 BC, the Greeks began to live in Sicily (Ancient Greek: Sikelia), establishing many significant settlements. [174], Like the cuisine of the rest of southern Italy, pasta plays an important part in Sicilian cuisine, as does rice; for example with arancini. Many Normans in Sicily adopted the habits and comportment of Muslim rulers and their Byzantine subjects in dress, language, literature, even to the extent of having palace eunuchs and, according to some accounts, a harem. [32] Roman rule introduced the Latin language to the island, which underwent a slow process of latinisation but Sicily was remained largely Greek in a cultural sense and the Greek language did not become extinct on the island, facilitating its re-hellenisation under the Byzantines. Syracuse gained Sparta and Corinth as allies and, as a result, defeated the Athenian expedition. The first railway in Sicily was opened in 1863 (Palermo-Bagheria) and today all of the Sicilian provinces are served by a network of railway services, linking to most major cities and towns; this service is operated by Trenitalia. The victors destroyed the Athenian army and their ships, selling most of the survivors into slavery. Some of the Greek cities on the island sided with the Carthaginians. This was the first time in which an operation against the Sicilian mafia ended with considerable success. [37] The two cultures began to clash, leading to the Greek-Punic wars (between 580 and 265 BC). The Salso flows through parts of Enna and Caltanissetta before entering the Mediterranean Sea at the port of Licata. From 28 September to 9 October 2005 Trapani was the location of Acts 8 and 9 of the Louis Vuitton Cup. Il nuovo volto dell'Area di Sviluppo Industriale di Dittaino, La lavorazione del Sale a Trapani, Area Sale, "Tasso di disoccupazione - livello regionale", "A 29 autostrada Palermo Trapani Mazara del Vallo", Italy revives Sicily bridge plan from BBC News, "Italian MPs kill plan to bridge Sicily and mainland", "No Italian Job Takes Longer Than This Bridge", The Godfather. Hot spots Average daily cases per 100,000 people in past week 10 30 50 70 100 250 Hot spotsCases per capitaTotal. The summit of Mount Etna is usually snow-capped from October to May. N.p., n.d. The flag became the official public flag of the Regione Siciliana in January 2000, after the passing of an apposite regional law which advocates its use on public buildings, schools and city halls along with the national Italian flag and the European one. Sicily (Italian: Sicilia [sitilja]; Sicilian: Sicilia [s(t)ilja]) is the largest and most populous island in the Mediterranean Sea and one of the 20 regions of Italy. [34] Greek culture significantly included Greek religion, and the settlers built many temples throughout Sicily, including several in the Valley of the Temples at Agrigento. It is located between the coast of Agrigento and the island of Pantelleria (which itself is a dormant volcano). On the coasts, especially in the southwest, the climate is affected by the African currents and summers can be hot. [24], Discoveries of dolmens on the island (dating to the second half of the third millennium BC) seem to offer new insights into the culture of primitive Sicily. The Vandals lost possession of the island 8 years later in 477 to the East Germanic tribe of the Ostrogoths, who then controlled Italy and Dalmatia. History of the Byzantine State, pp. By around 750 BC, Sicily had three Phoenician and a dozen Greek colonies and it was later the site of the Sicilian Wars and the Punic Wars. They also introduced their own culture, customs, and politics in the region. The Arabs initiated land reforms, which increased productivity and encouraged the growth of smallholdings, undermining the dominance of the latifundia. The region has three important industrial districts: In Palermo there are important shipyards (such as Fincantieri), mechanical factories of famous Italian companies as Ansaldo Breda, publishing and textile industries. Planning for the project has experienced several false starts over the past few years. [8] These conquered people were afforded freedom of religion under the Muslims as dhimmis. [68] The eastern part of the island was hit by destructive earthquakes in 1542 and 1693. Some of the Sicilian words are loan words from Greek, Catalan, French, Arabic, Spanish and other languages. [citation needed] Most of the assets of the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies's former national bank, Banco delle Due Sicilie, were transferred to Piedmont. His general Belisarius was assigned the task. Today, there are only a few troupes that maintain the tradition. The re-conquests marked an end to over 150 years of accommodationist policies with tribal invaders. Frederick was four when at Palermo, he was crowned King of Sicily in 1198. The local agriculture is also helped by the pleasant climate of the island. [56] In the 11th-century Byzantine armies carried out a partial reconquest of the island under George Maniakes, but it was their Norman mercenaries who would eventually complete the island's reconquest at the end of the century. Chemical industries are also in the Province of Messina (Milazzo) and in the Province of Caltanissetta (Gela). [26], The original classical-era inhabitants of Sicily comprised three defined groups of the ancient peoples of Italy: the Sicani, the Elymians and the Sicels. The ancient name of the island is Trinacria (Greek "having three headlands") for its triangular shape, likely a re-interpretation of earlier (Homeric) Thrinacia. [161] It is in this language that appeared the first sonnet, whose invention is attributed to Giacomo da Lentini himself. There was a wide presence of Jews in Sicily for at least 1,400 years and possibly for more than 2,000 years. However, there are no longer the great historical families of marionettists, such as the Greco of Palermo; the Canino of Partinico and Alcamo; Crimi, Trombetta and Napoli of Catania, Pennisi and Macri of Acireale, Profeta of Licata, Gargano and Grasso of Agrigento. [39] The Carthaginian attempt failed, and Rome became more unrelenting in its annihilation of the invaders; Roman consul M. Valerian told the Roman Senate in 210 BC that "no Carthaginian remains in Sicily". In 70 BC noted figure Cicero condemned the misgovernment of Verres in his oration In Verrem. [99] Today, an estimated 10million people of Sicilian origins live around the world. [174] Biancomangiare, biscotti ennesi (cookies native to Enna), braccilatte (a Sicilian version of doughnuts), buccellato, ciarduna, pignoli, Biscotti Regina, giurgiulena, frutta martorana, cassata, pignolata, granita, cuccidati (a variety of fig cookie; also known as buccellati) and cucca are some notable sweet dishes. When World War II ended, Sicily was recognized as an autonomous region in the Italian Republic. Baglio are traditional living structures in Western Sicily. [citation needed], The onset of the Spanish Inquisition in 1492 led to Ferdinand II decreeing the expulsion of all Jews from Sicily. This sailing race featured, among other entrants, all boats that took part in the 2007 America's Cup. This is part of what makes life here so good. A Muslim army was then sent to the island consisting of Arabs, Berbers, Cretans, and Persians.[56]. [citation needed] Furthermore, an embargo[which?] [66] In terms of religion the island became completely Roman Catholic (bearing in mind that until 1054 the Churches owing allegiance to the Pope and the Patriarch of Constantinople belonged to one Church); Sicily before the Norman conquest was under the Eastern Orthodox Patriarch. One can, however, admire the richest collection of marionettes at the Museo Internazionale delle Marionette Antonio Pasqualino and at the Museo Etnografico Siciliano Giuseppe Pitr in Palermo. The most prominent and by far the earliest of these were the Sicani, who (Thucydides writes) arrived from the Iberian Peninsula (perhaps Catalonia). [107] However, Sicily continues to have a GDP per capita below the Italian average, and higher unemployment than the rest of Italy. The tourist season peaks in the summer months, although people visit the island all year round. Sicily is also known for its liqueurs, such as Amaro Averna, produced in Caltanissetta, and the local limoncello. Some scholars believe that the Sicilian Jewry are partial ancestors of the Ashkenazi Jews. We'll cover this in more detail later in this article. [82], This period was also characterized by the first contact between the Sicilian mafia (the crime syndicate also known as Cosa Nostra) and the Italian government. [75] At first Sicily was able to remain as an independent kingdom under personal union, while the Bourbons ruled over both from Naples. . [74], While the Austrians were concerned with the War of the Polish Succession, a Bourbon prince, Charles from Spain was able to conquer Sicily and Naples. [172] The savoury dishes of Sicily are viewed to be healthy, using fresh vegetables and fruits, such as tomatoes, artichokes, olives (including olive oil), citrus, apricots, aubergines, onions, beans, raisins commonly coupled with seafood, freshly caught from the surrounding coastlines, including tuna, sea bream, sea bass, cuttlefish, swordfish, sardines, and others. The cone of Mount Etna dominates the eastern coast. Messina - 225,546 4 . The local population conquered by the Muslims were Romanized Catholic Sicilians in Western Sicily and partially Greek speaking Christians, mainly in the eastern half of the island, but there were also a significant number of Jews. In 1516, the Turks settled in Algiers, and from 1520, the corsair Hayreddin Barbarossa under the command of Ottoman Empire, operated from that harbour. The most prominent and by far the earliest of these were the Sicani, who ( Thucydides writes) arrived from the Iberian Peninsula (perhaps Catalonia ). It was the Normans and Swabians who first introduced a fondness for meat dishes to the island. 50,000 100,000 150,000 cases 7-day average . During this time, there was also a small Jewish presence in Sicily. The result is partially due to the natural balance. By sea, Sicily is served by several ferry routes and cargo ports, and in all major cities, cruise ships dock on a regular basis. [162][163] Noto has one of the largest radio telescopes in Italy that performs geodetic and astronomical observations. The Franks moved south from present-day Belgium. Other important rivers on the island are the Belice and Platani in the southwest. [115] The region is known mainly for fortified Marsala wines. Italy's southern island of Sicily is a huge 10 million square chunk of volcanic land in the Mediterranean with a population of five million. Source: ISTAT (2021) 1. [186] The triskelion was revived, as a neoclassic and non-Bourbon emblem for the new Napoleonic Kingdom of the Two Sicilies, by Joachim Murat in 1808. The politics of Sicily takes place in a framework of a presidential representative democracy, whereby the President of Regional Government is the head of government, and of a pluriform multi-party system. From the major cities of Sicily, there are services to Naples, Rome and Milan; this is achieved by the trains being loaded onto ferries which cross the Strait.[132]. Some of the most noted figures among writers and poets are Luigi Pirandello (Nobel laureate, 1934), Salvatore Quasimodo (Nobel laureate, 1959), Giovanni Verga (the father of the Italian Verismo), Domenico Tempio, Giovanni Meli, Luigi Capuana, Mario Rapisardi, Federico de Roberto, Leonardo Sciascia, Vitaliano Brancati, Giuseppe Tomasi di Lampedusa, Elio Vittorini, Vincenzo Consolo and Andrea Camilleri (noted for his novels and short stories with the fictional character Inspector Salvo Montalbano as protagonist). In 1950, the population of Catania was 365,352. Median household income estimates are frequently used to identify communities and the number of households eligible for . [64], The court of Roger II became the most luminous centre of culture in the Mediterranean, both from Europe and the Middle East, like the multi-ethnic Caliphate of Crdoba, then only just eclipsed. The total population of the islands at the 2011 United Kingdom census was 2,203. [36], Greek Syracuse controlled eastern Sicily while Carthage controlled the West. [65][66] Governance was by rule of law which promoted justice. [22][23], Humans first colonsied Sicily towards the end of the Late Pleistocene, around 16,000 years ago, by people associated with the Epigravettian culture. In the island, the most noted footballer is Salvatore Schillaci, who won the Golden Boot at the 1990 FIFA World Cup with Italy. After the Italian unification, Sicily, along with the entire Italian peninsula, has also been strongly marked by coerced emigration. [135] [citation needed] Sicily remained a Roman province for around 700 years.[42]. Sicilia[Sicily] Autonomous Region 4,906,878 4,966,386 4,968,991 5,002,904 4,802,016 Agrigento Province 466,495 476,158 448,053 446,837 412,472 Caltanissetta Province 285,829 278,275 274,035 273,099 248,699 Catania Province 1,005,577 1,035,665 1,054,778 1,078,766 1,071,914 Enna Province 190,939 186,182 177,200 173,451 154,721 Messina During this time many extraordinary buildings were constructed.[65]. To the east, the Alcantara flows through the province of Messina and enters the sea at Giardini Naxos, and the Simeto, which flows into the Ionian Sea south of Catania. The autonomous region also includes several neighbouring islands: the Aegadian Islands, the Aeolian Islands, Pantelleria and Lampedusa. Projections 35,000,000 40,000,000 45,000,000 50,000,000 55,000,000 60,000,000 Population 58,870,762 [171] Every part of Sicily has its speciality (e.g. Highways have been built and expanded in the last four decades. [185] Palermo and Corleone were the first two cities to found a confederation against the Angevin rule. The Sicilian Baroque has a unique architectural identity. In preparation for the invasion, the Allies revitalised the Mafia to aid them. Ferdinand III, the Bourbon, was forced to retreat to Sicily which he was still in control of with the help of British naval protection. [45] The island remained under Roman rule until 469. Terracotta ceramics from the island are well known, the art of ceramics on Sicily goes back to the original ancient peoples named the Sicanians, it was then perfected during the period of Greek colonisation and is still prominent and distinct to this day. The opera of the puppets and the Sicilian tradition of cantastor (singers of tales) are rooted in the Provenal troubadour tradition in Sicily during the reign of Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor, in the first half of the 13th century. [123], A table showing Sicily's different GDP (nominal and per capita) growth between 2000 and 2008:[124][125]. [69], Conflict between the Hohenstaufen house and the Papacy led, in 1266, to Pope Innocent IV crowning the French prince Charles, count of Anjou and Provence, as the king of both Sicily and Naples. [48], After taking areas occupied by the Vandals in North Africa, Justinian I retook Italy as an ambitious attempt to recover the lost provinces in the West. Cattle and sheep are raised. They have even participated at the European level in the European Challenge Cup. Nov. Jun. The invasion of Sicily contributed to the 25 July crisis; in general, the Allied victors were warmly embraced by Sicily. However, since 1890, the islands have had a separate local authority.
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