For example, in 2014, China attempted to crack down on the celebration of Ramadan in the Muslim region of Xinjiang. Cultural Lag Overview & Examples | What is Cultural Lag? Conjugal Family | What Does Conjugal Mean? Ethnocentrism as a form of intuition in psychology. Theory & Psychology 13.5 (2003): 673-694. What is Ethnocentrism and Examples - Explained But head to more conservative nations and women might always cover their shoulders or hair. Ethnocentrism occurs when a researcher assumes that their own culturally specific practices or ideas are natural or right., The individual uses their own ethnic group to evaluate and judge other individuals from other ethnic groups. 60 seconds . d. Race is based on physical characteristics, whereas ethnicity is based on culture and national origin. Positive psychology, ethnocentrism, and the disguised ideology of individualism. The conflict perspective He did not feel negatively toward African Americans but refused to serve them in his restaurant because he feared that serving them would offend his white customers. Instead, researchers should make sure to point out that their research may only be applied to the sample they studied and the application to other cultures is questionable. We all thought our accent was normal and other peoples was funny. The principle that all cultures should be understood and evaluated on their own terms, rather than judged by the standards of another culture. ), 9. Which of the following terms describes the coexistence of a variety of distinct racial and ethnic groups within one society? Which scenario best explains the process of assimilation? A large corporation The methods used in The Strange Situation are examples of imposed etic, meaning to study a culture from the outside and make inferences in relation to one cultures standard. Which of the following theoretical perspectives is associated with the contact hypothesis? This can reinforce the in-group/out-group mentality. This scenario best exemplifies __________. Everyone has this anchoring bias deep down inside them, so the trick is to identify it and try to avoid it. In this example, again, both cultures may use an ethnocentric lens to look at the other culture. answer choices A family immigrates to a new country, settles near others from their homeland, and conducts most of their day-to-day activities within their ethnic neighborhood. b. b. In psychology, ethnocentrism can exist when researchers design studies or draw conclusions that can only be applied to one cultural group. One of the most well-known and horrific examples of ethnocentrism pertains to Nazi Germany. Ch 4 T/F & MC HW Which scenario best exemplifies ethnocentrism? Similarly, an American might turn up their nose at the French eating snails. copyright 2003-2023 Study.com. Tags: Question 36 . In fact, xenocentrism can be viewed as a defiant attitude, since it is a departure from social norms and can result in the rejection of one's own nation. Since their differences are exaggerated, the cultural norms and values of the researchers are considered superior to other cultures. Which scenario best explains the process of assimilation? What are the disadvantages of ethnocentrism? Whilst they are not the same, ethnocentrism can lead to prejudiced behaviors and attempts to impose ones subjective culture onto other cultural groups. This is a common criticism that Quebecois Canadians have of English-speaking Canadians. One of the challenges that Native Americans face today is What is the Difference Between Ethnocentrism and Cultural Relativism. Yet at the same time, the xenocentric idolization of other cultures may lead people to a feeling of hostility or resentment toward their own cultures. That wouldnt be ethnocentric because it would be based on thoughtfulness and balance. The belief that the style of clothing in another culture is superior to those within your own culture. This can lead to ethnocentrism when we roll our eyes are people who arent bilingual, even when were in their own country! Ethnocentric studies are not inherently invalid and should not be disregarded. They consider eating as much of the animal as possible to be the right thing to do, and anything else to be wasteful! 485 lessons. As information from across the world is spread through technology, it is only natural for people to want what they don't have, and even more so if they notice that other countries and cultures have access to greater opportunities or more advanced industries and products. A few years into their marriage, her husband left her for - Heaven forbid - a Gentile. This approach aims to observe cultural differences in the relevant context and uses that cultures concepts or standards. To unlock this lesson you must be a Study.com Member. To counter this trend, the Japanese are buying low-calorie, low-fat foods to help shed excess weight and are flocking to health clubs. The film shows a Greek family living in the United States who are very proud of their Greek heritage. d. For this, the other black woman in her town are full of contempt for her. Furthermore, xenocentrism supports cultural diffusion, or the spread of cultures, which is important for people to develop a deeper understanding and acceptance of diverse ethnic groups. We can see many examples of ethnocentrism in T.V. Today, a debate rages about the ritual cutting of genitals of girls in several Middle Eastern and African cultures. Ecological and Geographic Cultural Variation, Ethics in Cultural Psychological Research, Five Factor Model and Cross-Cultural Research, Cultural Considerations and Indigenous Personality, Stereotypes, Prejudice and Discrimination, Cultural Considerations of Kohlbergs Theory, Cultural Alternatives to Moral Development, Psychological Reactions to Unfair Behavior, Challenges to Living in a Multicultural World. Unit 3 Culture Test | Geography Quiz - Quizizz More valid results could be obtained through the use of an emic study, meaning studying culture from the inside. Iran and Saudi Arabia are examples of theocratic totalitarianism. The film is a great example of a migrant family who not only wants to retain their cultural heritage but looks upon the dominant culture with suspicion, distaste, and even sometimes scorn. You often only hear accents if theyre different from your own. For example, views about the signs and symptoms of mental disorders in the DSM are based on white male experiences, so other experiences are ignored. And this belief has certainly been heightened by the effects of globalization, since the lifestyles of cultures outside of one's own have become readily available. Ethnocentrism - Wikipedia Perhaps, the next time youre assigned a persuasive essay in school, youll consider tackling this important topic. Rts. abandon the stereotype and accept the person for who he or she is. Judging Other Countries' Diets An example of ethnocentrism is when you judge other countries for the way they eat, but don't have a moral reason for this. Ethnocentrism is a tendency, For traditional Peruvian cultures, Guinea Pigs are animals to be eaten! Free Flashcards about Foundation Ch.5 prep - StudyStack So, if they notice anything that deviates from their cultural norms, this can lead to ethnocentric attitudes. Cross-cultural psychology can explore many topics, such as: Child development whether unique cultural practices influence development. Given that snails are not smart animals (certainly not as smart as pigs! As weve seen, such uninformed judgements have had terrible consequences around the world. b. Teo, Thomas, and Angela R. Febbraro. INTERPOL Jobs & Purpose | What is INTERPOL? Upon learning that her grandson isnt marrying a Jewish girl, Jim's grandmother becomes inconsolable. Assimilation policies state that immigrants to a country should leave their old culture behind and embrace their host countrys culture. Symbols, values, norms and beliefs are examples of Nonmaterial Culture Bill is a sociologist who studies poverty. Which scenario best explains the process of assimilation? Xenos is the Greek word for foreign or stranger, and thus, xenocentrism is the preference for foreign cultures over one's own culture. Chinese American, According to symbolic interactionists, when individuals meet someone who does not conform to their existing stereotype, they frequently __________. Expecting others to speak your language and criticizing them if they cant. Many cross-cultural psychologists have found that many observations about human thought and behavior may only be generalizable to specific groups. When considering harmful cultural traditions, it can be patronizing to use cultural relativism as an excuse for avoiding debate. They migrated primarily from northern Europe and assumed a dominant cultural position in society. Other immigration approaches include Integration, where different cultures all live together in a patchwork throughout a city, and Self-Determination, where everyone can choose which culture they want to follow. Take for example, the common practice of same-sex friends in India walking in public while holding hands. Theory & psychology, 18(5), 563-589. Melanie has taught several criminal justice courses, holds an MS in Sociology concentrating in Criminal Justice & is completing her Ph.D. in Criminology, Law & Justice. As former President Obama argued, American exceptionalism can also lead to failure to see the good in (and learn from) other nations. They are the largest segment of the Latinx population. She was raised by strict Jewish parents, went off to college, and then married a nice Jewish boy. Japanese Americans Identify examples of ethnocentrism. Instead of judging squat toilets as being primitive, an American in China who understands cultural relativism would try to appreciate that from a Chinese perspective, toilet seats are seen as unsanitary since they carry bacteria from people's bodies. My Big Fat Greek Wedding is a fun case study in ethnocentrism that you could use in classrooms. Ethnocentrism can be avoided or reduced by studying culture using an emic approach. a. Most noteworthy are the differences observed in Japanese and German infants compared to American infants. If you would like to change your settings or withdraw consent at any time, the link to do so is in our privacy policy accessible from our home page.. As seen by Shylock's speech, ethnocentrism is a powerful force that weakens human relations. And the notion of the "American Dream" or America as "the land of opportunity" in countries outside of the US. Many special education programs in the school districts disproportionately include African American students. They have one of the highest levels of educational attainment among Asian Americans. Simply put, those practicing xenocentrism believe that another culture or other cultures are superior to their own, whereas those practicing ethnocentrism insist that their culture is superior. But some of us do, showing how we think our way of doing things is the right and natural approach, and other peoples approaches are naturally inferior. 1965 lessons in math, English, science, history, and more. Leah, a white American sports journalist, describes African American athletes as naturally gifted people with athletic abilities who are more suitable for team positions that require agility rather than information processing. Another example is the notion of America as being "the land of opportunity". Between 1478 and 1834, the Catholic Spanish rulers decided that Catholicism should be the ascendant religion within Spain. He understands that an individual's poverty status is the result of larger economic situations and unemployment rates in the local community rather than the individual's personal problem. While we might not want to change our culture and traditions, we could use the theory of ethnocentrism to get to know other peoples cultures better. Promotes understanding and appreciation of different cultures, and can reduce conflict between them. Ethnic pluralism They earned fortunes while working in agriculture in the U.S. mainland and in fish canneries in Seattle and Alaska. This scenario exemplifies __________. That's not to say that the desire to move away from one's own country is unwarranted, as this idolization of American culture can often be the result of people suffering under the rule of oppressive governments. Culture Shock Definition & Examples | What is Culture Shock in Sociology? This theory was then generalized to other cultures so that what was considered the behavior of securely attached children in America should be what all children in other cultures should behave to be considered securely attached. Critical race theory Thus, when using Western-designed intelligence tests in non-western countries, there is likely to be a bias in the results since the test measures something from the benchmark of different cultural experiences. Often when I show these clips to my students, their instant reactions are disgust at the parts of the animal that people in other parts of the world eat. Which of Joe R. Feagin's four categories of discrimination is demonstrated in this example? Cultural relativism is another positive aspect of xenocentrism, as it allows people to avoid judgment by approaching a foreign culture with an open mind and from that foreign culture's perspective. https://helpfulprofessor.com/author/admin/, 6. And while many of us might say Its a womans right to decide what she wears and we should respect her no matter what, different cultures have various views on this! Cultural relativism. Lets take a look at a few examples. a socially constructed reality, Many sports teams such as the Atlanta Braves, Cleveland Indians, and Washington Redskins use Native American mascots and depict them with feathers, buckskins, beads, spears, and "warpaint." Part of ethnocentrism is the belief that ones own race, ethnic or cultural group is the most important or that some or all aspects of its culture are superior to those of other groups. Ethnocentrism Examples & Types | Ethnocentric Bias, Perspective & View Cultural Relativism in Sociology: Definition, Argument & Examples When visiting foreign countries, people often judge those foreign cultures by their own native cultural standards. In what way does race differ from ethnicity? b. People of Asian, German, and African cultural heritages peacefully coexist with one another and have uniform access to power and privilege in this country. 25 chapters | Korean Americans, Which of the following theories states that actions of the government substantially define racial and ethnic relations in the United States? A conceptual analysis and political implications. answer choices A family immigrates to a new country, settles near others from their homeland, and conducts most of their day-to-day activities within their ethnic neighborhood. The Merchant of Venice by William Shakespeare portrays an intense disagreement between the Jewish character Shylock and the Christian character Antonio. Thats when your brain tells you that something sounds funny. In this case, ethnic minority groups are often romanticized to fit stereotypical ideas; for example, the idea of the "noble savage" in Western art, philosophy, and ethnography defines Indigneous peoples as uncivilized and primitive, ignoring their evolving role in current society. More than half of the members of the Cherokee Nation died during or as a result of their coerced relocation from the southeastern United States to the Indian Territory in Oklahoma. Seekprofessional input on your specific circumstances. Required fields are marked *, This Article was Last Expert Reviewed on March 18, 2023 by Chris Drew, PhD. diaspora, Which of the following terms refers to policies or procedures that are intended to promote equal opportunity for categories of people deemed to have been previously excluded from equality in education, employment, and other fields on the basis of characteristics such as race or ethnicity? c. are superior to others. Upholding the sanctity of ones own culture may hinder societal progress and may prevent cooperation between cultures. For example, many Americans might thing Peruvians eating Guinea Pig to be disgusting. Relationships the differences in family, romantic relationships, and friendships that are influenced by culture. Privacy Policy. Recognizing Employee Contributions with Pay (. Someone who is ethnocentric may believe that their culture is correct and normal, but someone who adopts cultural relativism understands that one culture is not better than another. Ethnocentric attitudes can lead to prejudice and discrimination based on race and the belief that one race is superior to all others. Over time, he becomes close friends with one of his white American coworkers. Better yet, why not turn it into a persuasive speech? To assume that people from other cultures are neither mature enough nor responsible enough to consider criticism from the outside is demeaning. These procedures would then not be used across other cultures where it may yield invalid results. It can manifest in overt beliefs and behavior or in subconscious views and prejudices. An example of how cultural relativism is relevant in research is noted by Sternberg (1985), who stated that the meaning of intelligence is different in every culture. Sociology 1301 Flashcards | Chegg.com There are two types of cultural bias that can relate to psychological research: Alpha bias this occurs when a theory assumes that cultural groups are profoundly different. An example of ethnocentrism is when you judge other countries for the way they eat, but dont have a moral reason for this. For instance, some cultures have a strong tradition of female genital mutilation, and a person practicing cultural relativism may try to avoid judging that practice as harmful or as a violation of women's bodies. Shylock's point is that, despite the cultural differences, we are all still human. c. Q.,22, 501. 14 Best Examples of Ethnocentrism (For Students) Which of the following racial or ethnic groups has been the most privileged racial or ethnic group in the United States? Imperialism, the practice of taking over other lands, was heavily practiced by Europe as far back as the 16th century. On an extreme scale, ethnocentrism can lead to prejudice or racism. Yes! Try refreshing the page, or contact customer support. War and genocide could be the devastating result if a group is unwilling to change their ways of living or cultural practices. Which scenario best exemplifies ethnocentrism? c. civil disobedience. Ethnocentrism occurs when one believes that their own cultural group is superior to others. Ethnocentrism refers to the tendency to judge other cultures on the basis of own culture. Some people will simply call it cultural ignorance. . Conclusions were drawn from the results that the results would be the same across all cultures. It may lead us to be reluctant to collaborate with or care for other nations cultures and lead migrants to feel like they should assimilate. About The Helpful Professor To a lesser extent, this same debate arises around the circumcision of baby boys in Western hospitals. Delegitimizing Others Religious Celebrations, Divided Attention: 10 Examples and Overview, Machiavellianism: 10 Examples and Definition, Overgeneralization: 10 Examples and Definition, 17 Gender Stereotype Examples (For Men and Women). As these studies were conducted a long time ago, you may expect that psychological research is more culturally diverse now. As a member, you'll also get unlimited access to over 88,000 Rio Hondo College . He interacts with his coworkers but only gradually gains acceptance in everyday interaction with members of the dominant group. A) Sarah believes that her opinions and interests are superior to that of her siblings. Obviously, they didn't deserve the torture they received, and this was clearly an extreme case of ethnocentrism. xenocentrism In the Western countries, it is normal for girls to wear dresses that are short, skirts, cut sleeve clothes whereas in India, even though now it is coming to be accepted, those wearing such clothes are often judged to have a loose character it is said that girls should always be dressed in clothes covering their body, as this is ideal and thus they must not attempt to copy the west.