Firstly, achy muscles can occur with COVID-19. Acute Bronchitis. Troponin and D-dimer tests may be falsely positive, but a negative result can reduce clinical uncertainty. "God Bless You. Around 10% of patients who have tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 virus remain unwell beyond three weeks, and a smaller proportion for months (see box 1).7 This is based on the UK COVID Symptom Study, in which people enter their ongoing symptoms on a smartphone app. ClinicalTrials.gov. Pleurisy is an unusual presentation of COVID-19. I do feel better every day compared to a month ago. Go to our information on long Covid and fatigue after exercise. If you develop symptoms such as severe shortness of breath or chest pain, call triple zero (000) immediately. Then, they inflate the balloon to widen the affected blood vessels. Read more on St Vincent's Hospital Lung Health website. Advanced testing of the heart and lungs may reveal why some people who have recovered from COVID-19 still have shortness of breath. I got a echo/stress test done to make sure I did not have heart damage and my heart was fine. So, after 3 months, thankfully, Im not as severely short of breath but still am gun shy about exercising again like waiting for the other shoe to drop. I really dont have any miraculous cure suggestions except giving it time. Before causing yourself more panic, there are some physical stress symptoms you can look for that will help you decide whether what youre experiencing is a panic attack or a more serious symptom that requires emergency care. Narrative medicine: Honoring the stories of illness. The Your COVID Recovery' website supports the programme and includes information on: Page last reviewed: 21 March 2023 By Julianne McShane. Perhaps 20% of patients admitted with covid-19 have clinically significant cardiac involvement4950; occult involvement may be even commoner.5152 Cardiopulmonary complications include myocarditis, pericarditis, myocardial infarction, dysrhythmias, and pulmonary embolus; they may present several weeks after acute covid-19. We also recommend recent articles by a social scientist5 and clinical academic6 with prolonged covid-19 symptoms. https://www.hackneycitizen.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/Post-COVID-19-information-pack-5.pdf, Royal College of Occupational Therapists. Other days, my heart is irregular all day. In angioplasty, a doctor inserts a thin tube (a catheter) into the person and inserts a tiny balloon through it. How Viagra became a new 'tool' for young men, Ankylosing Spondylitis Pain: Fact or Fiction, Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), https://www.bhf.org.uk/informationsupport/conditions/angina, https://www.heart.org/en/health-topics/heart-attack/angina-chest-pain, https://www.health.harvard.edu/heart-health/angina-symptoms-diagnosis-and-treatments, https://www.covid19treatmentguidelines.nih.gov/overview/clinical-spectrum/, https://www.heart.org/en/news/2022/08/22/covid-19-infection-poses-higher-risk-for-myocarditis-than-vaccines, https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/heart-inflammation/symptoms, https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/heart-inflammation/treatment, https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/heart-inflammation/types, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK558958/#_NBK558958_pubdet_, https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2007/0501/p1357.html, https://www.bhf.org.uk/informationsupport/heart-matters-magazine/news/coronavirus-and-your-health/long-covid, https://www.health.state.mn.us/diseases/coronavirus/pulseoximeter.html, https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/angina/treatment/, https://academic.oup.com/ehjcr/article/5/3/ytab105/6184571, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7477961/, https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/heart-inflammation, New clues to slow aging? Patient Led Research, 2020. Read more on Pathology Tests Explained website. Second, some Covid-19 patients later might get pneumonia. Light strength exercises, such as using resistance bands or climbing the stairs, may also support recovery. Exercise, of which I do a fair amount, was not at all possible. After recovery from mild illness: 1 week of low level stretching and strengthening before targeted cardiovascular sessions, Very mild symptoms: limit activity to slow walking or equivalent. Free Australian health advice you can count on. Like you, some days Id wake up feeling pretty good but out of nowhere, Id get congested and short of breath which would last all day. The working definition of Post-COVID Conditions was developed by the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) in collaboration with CDC and . COVID-19: Information and guidance for renal professionals. The primary cause of chest discomfort will likely be treated by doctors. European Respiratory Society, 2020. Therefore, you should always call your medical provider or seek emergency care if you are experiencing prolonged chest pain or pressure. A recent US study found that only 65% of people had returned to their previous level of health 14-21 days after a positive test.10. It is safest to call 9-1-1 upon noticing the following chest pains or accompanying symptoms: A person should get in touch with a doctor even if chest pain is obvious for a while, seems to get better, then comes back. If you have chest pain that comes and goes, you should still speak to your GP about it or call 111 as chest pain should never be ignored. Just as COVID-19 itself can come with a range of symptoms, so, too, can post-COVID syndrome. 22 Jul 2021. All I did was a load of laundry, made my bed and watered a few potted plants I have outside. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Im not even doing anything strenuous at all. I had chest tightness as well for about 2 months. First, Covid-19 might cause sore muscles. BTS guidance on venous thromboembolic disease in patients with COVID-19 (updated 4th May 2020). email, Recipient's email is invalid. Younger children who have myocarditis or pericarditis may . All rights reserved. This type of chest pain is usually caused by inflammation of the tissue between your ribs and lungs (called pleurisy), or inflammation of the lining of your heart (pericarditis). About 80% of the work of breathing is done by the diaphragm. Did some light walking for a few days but noticed tightness of. My glands were swollen to the point that it was physically challenging to swallow, and this was only possible with severe discomfort. The feeling of chest pain can range from a dull ache to a sharp stab and even a crushing or burning sensation. If pericarditis is the cause of your chest pain, the pain may feel worse when you're lying flat and be relieved by sitting forward. People who have a longer recovery period can experience: Long COVID can affect nearly all parts of the body with multiple and varied symptoms. Pericarditis inflammation of the outer lining of the heart can also develop. Rest is healing with Covid and it's frustrating I know. 2020.
Rehabilitation in the wake of Covid-19A phoenix from the ashes. Im 78 years old now so I just take it one day at a time. Each one of our ER locations throughout Texas (Austin, Corpus Christi, San Antonio, Dallas/Fort Worth, East Texas, and Lubbock) and Colorado (Colorado Springs) offer in-house rapid antigen testing, send-out PCR testing, or a molecular testing panel that looks at 20+ different respiratory targets including COVID-19 for symptomatic individuals. Thank you so much for sharing your experiences. Covid-19 tends to affect older patients more severely.62 Those who survive are at high risk of sarcopenia, malnutrition, depression, and delirium.2 Post-covid-19 chronic pain may affect patients of any age but seems to be commoner in elderly patients.63 Physical symptoms add to the psychosocial impact of disrupted access to health care (such as arrangements for obtaining regular medication), core personal routines (such as walking to local shops), social interactions (such as meeting friends), and lay and professional support networks.64 Support should be personalised with input from the multi-professional team (for example, general practitioner, district nurse, social worker, rehabilitation teams, and occupational therapist as needed). Aust J Gen Pract 2022;51(12):95257. views
To summarize, I tested positive in early February. This is called long COVID or post COVID-19 syndrome. https://www.csp.org.uk/system/files/documents/2020-06/001751_covid19-the_road_to_recovery_activity_planner_v3.pdf, Mental Health Foundation. A person should seek medical advice to receive a suitable diagnosis. Lymphopenia is a feature of severe, acute covid-19. My chest got worse with each passing day where I was taking 1-2 puffs of my albuterol a day. Everyone will have a different experience in their recovery from COVID-19. From this point onwards, it became difficult to engage fully in day to day activities with my normal energy levels. (2022). doi: 10.31128/AJGP-05-22-6429. ACERS: Post COVID-19 patient information pack. These symptoms can include: extreme fatigue (tiredness) shortness of breath, heart palpitations, chest pain or tightness. Long Covid is a term to describe the effects of Covid-19 that last for several weeks or months beyond the initial illness. The signs of COVID-19 in patients with asthma include cough, breath shortness, and chest tightness. Many have comorbidities including diabetes, hypertension, kidney disease, or ischaemic heart disease. A virtual hospital model can help tackle the covid-19 pandemic. We thank Anica Alvarez Nishio, Jake Suett, Paul Garner and another anonymous patient reviewer who commented on earlier drafts. https://www.gmcvo.org.uk/Coronavirus/BAMESupport, European Respiratory Society. The feeling of chest pain can range from a dull ache to a sharp stab and even a crushing or burning sensation. Pan-American Health Organisation, World Health Organisation. 2020. COVID Symptom Study. Chest pain can be a long-term symptom of infection by SARS-Cov-2. In this instance, the pain is not due to a heart issue. After the initial SARS-CoV-2 infection, the post-covid symptoms last for more . Today it was like for no reason, i barely did anything. Thank you for comment. I found out the hard way by not resting with covid after feeling a little better. Heart palpitations are not usually a sign of a more serious health issue - they're very common, even in people who arent recovering from Covid. Find out more, Our magazine is full of lifestyle advice, recipes, activities and support to help you live well. long Covid data from the Office of National Statistics, what can cause your heart rate to become fast, coping with long Covid fatigue and chest pain. ), whatever helps you to relax. 2020. Chest pain after COVID-19 may suggest possible complications that require treatment. According to the American Heart Association (AHA), COVID-19 increases a persons risk of heart inflammation. 41% had been experiencing long Covid symptoms for at least two years. A person should speak with a doctor before exercising to manage post-COVID-19 muscular chest pain. Some typical aspects of shortness of breath after COVID-19 can include: being frequently out of breath, particularly after doing activities like walking or climbing stairs. Some features, tools or interaction may not work correctly. 3) Post musculoskeletal inflammatory syndrome consequent to prolonged respiratory illness. In the meantime, should you experience any difficulty in accessing the Complete Emergency Care website, please contact [emailprotected]. weight loss or poor appetite. Competing interests: We have read and understood BMJ policy on declaration of interests and have no relevant interests to declare. Speak to your doctor if you're experiencing lasting long Covid symptoms. The breathing control technique is aimed at normalising breathing patterns and increasing the efficiency of the respiratory muscles (including the diaphragm) resulting in less energy expenditure, less airway irritation, reduced fatigue, and improvement in breathlessness. It just takes time. Always consult a specialist or your own doctor for more information. https://www.bgs.org.uk/resources/resource-series/coronavirus-and-older-people 2020, COVID-19: Managing the COVID-19 pandemic in care homes for older people. Also wondering if Ill ever get back to normal. Patients with Long Covid have reported a surge of symptoms that are continuously increasing. The only person whose symptoms persisted was myself, and the fatigue which I had experienced was still lingering in the background. Post-COVID Conditions. The Your COVID Recovery programme is an online recovery programme to support you while you recover from the long-term effects of COVID-19. Symptoms can fluctuate or relapse over time. Overall, I spent seven days feeling like I had been knocked sideways. Before Amy Lipnicki tested positive for the coronavirus in January, she spent . . We raise money to research cures and treatments for the worlds biggest killers. They put me on Amlodipine If you have mental health symptoms, such as anxiety or depression, find out how you can access NHS mental health support services. Severe breathlessness, which is rare in patients who were not hospitalised, may require urgent referral. The pain can feel sharp or dull, and may happen in short bursts, or last for hours. Clinical spectrum of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Read more on Department of Health and Aged Care website. The most common symptoms of long COVID are: However, there are lots of symptoms you can have after a COVID-19 infection, including: The GP will ask about your symptoms and the impact they're having on your life. ERS COVID-19 resource centre. To download a copy of Canc Antiviral becomes first recommended treatment for COVID-19, A regularly updated summary of latest advice and information about COVID-19 vaccines and vaccination program for immunisation providers, Read more on National Centre for Immunisation Research and Surveillance (NCIRS) website, COVID-19 antiviral pills to be reserved primarily for the unvaccinated. https://www.post-covid.org.uk/, Facebook. Also, try to distract your mind when you are feeling overly anxious. Relieving joint and muscle pain after COVID-19 may come down to gentle exercise. Up to 5 March 2023, the most commonly reported long Covid symptoms were: However, there are many other symptoms of long Covid that have been identified through research. All of these symptoms can make you feel anxious no doubt. While most people who get Covid-19 recover quickly, for some the effects of the virus can last for much longer, or new symptoms can develop. Pending direct evidence from research studies, we suggest that exercise in such patients should be undertaken cautiously and cut back if the patient develops fever, breathlessness, severe fatigue, or muscle aches. Elevated biomarkers may include Creactive protein (for example, acute infection), white cell count (infection or inflammatory response), natriuretic peptides (for example, heart failure), ferritin (inflammation and continuing prothrombotic state), troponin (acute coronary syndrome or myocarditis) and D-dimer (thromboembolic disease). We thank Nia Roberts for specialist help with database searches and the patient (who wished to remain anonymous) for the descriptions in box 1. Any medical information published on this website is not intended as a substitute for informed medical advice and you should not take any action before consulting with a healthcare professional. For your safety, you should never self-diagnose your own chest pain, especially if you have not previously suffered from anxiety or panic attacks. Throat and chest burning. You have been through so much and I am so sorry. (if you can find anything decent! having a tightness in . It covers tips for managing fatigue, shortness of breath, brain fog, and joint pain plus ways to boost your mood and mental health. Severe infections can cause your body to release cytokines that can cause damage to your heart and lungs by creating inflammation in your heart otherwise known as myocarditis. As a result, the web page can not be displayed. Learn more here about the development and quality assurance of healthdirect content. 2020. It's important to go to the ER if you have symptoms of COVID pneumonia, as it can get worse quickly. Its so comforting to know that I am".
A statement from the Australian Technical Advisory Group on Immunisation (ATAGI) for health care providers on suitability of COVID-19 vaccination in people with history of clotting conditions. pain and inflammation relief medications, including: sudden or severe chest pain that does not resolve. This testing is highly specialized and available only at a few sites nationwide, including at Yale. Chest discomfort may sometimes be a sign of a potentially fatal ailment. Long COVID is a new condition which is still being studied. If the symptoms are having a big impact on your life, you may be referred to a specialist service, rehabilitation service or a service that specialises in the specific symptoms you have. We will get through this with prayers, family and friends. Find out what you need to look for. The area can feel sore to touch and is usually made worse by specific movements, such as turning the chest or stretching. I was feeling pretty good a week after taking prednisone. https://www.diabetes.org.uk/professionals/resources/coronavirus-clinical-guidance, Renal Association. Kings College London, 2020. These tests will also help to rule out other possible causes for your symptoms. Pulse oximeters may be extremely useful for assessing and monitoring respiratory symptoms after covid-19, and we could find no evidence that their use in the home leads to increased anxiety (box 3). According to Dr. Sanchayan Roy, "Treatment of Long Covid Syndrome of chest pain usually involves : a) Assessing the various pulmonary and cardiovascular issues to determine and clinically significant cause of chest pain and treating the root cause. To help support the investigation, you can pull the corresponding error log from your web server and submit it our support team. However, like you, I have many anxious moments deathly afraid of getting reinfected or even catching a cold. These symptoms can be persistent, but come and go over time and have a negative impact on daily life. . National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. ", "Sometimes I just need a bit of time on my own so I can sit, reflect on whats happened, and try to deal with it.". National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. The trinity of COVID-19: immunity, inflammation and intervention, COVID-19 pandemic in the Italian population: validation of a post-traumatic stress disorder questionnaire and prevalence of PTSD symptomatology, Psychological impacts of the COVID-19 epidemic on Chinese people: Exposure, post-traumatic stress symptom, and emotion regulation, The long-term impact of severe acute respiratory syndrome on pulmonary function, exercise capacity and health status, Radiology perspective of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): lessons from severe acute respiratory syndrome and Middle East respiratory syndrome, Long-term sequelae of SARS: physical, neuropsychiatric, and quality-of-life assessment, Mental morbidities and chronic fatigue in severe acute respiratory syndrome survivors: long-term follow-up, Follow-up chest radiographic findings in patients with MERS-CoV after recovery, Chronic widespread musculoskeletal pain, fatigue, depression and disordered sleep in chronic post-SARS syndrome; a case-controlled study, [Comparison of clinical and pathological features between severe acute respiratory syndrome and coronavirus disease 2019], Long term complications and rehabilitation of COVID-19 patients, Classification of the cutaneous manifestations of COVID-19: a rapid prospective nationwide consensus study in Spain with 375 cases, The Post-COVID-19 Functional Status scale: a tool to measure functional status over time after COVID-19, Why COVID-19 silent hypoxemia is baffling to physicians, British Thoracic Society Emergency Oxygen Guideline Group, BTS Emergency Oxygen Guideline Development Group, BTS guideline for oxygen use in adults in healthcare and emergency settings, Relating oxygen partial pressure, saturation and content: the haemoglobin-oxygen dissociation curve, Enhanced Recovery After Critical Illness Programme Group, Physical rehabilitation interventions for adult patients during critical illness: an overview of systematic reviews, Pulmonary fibrosis and COVID-19: the potential role for antifibrotic therapy, Radiological findings from 81 patients with COVID-19 pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study, Time course of lung changes on chest CT during recovery from 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pneumonia, Lung function testing in the COVID-19 endemic, The Stanford Hall consensus statement for post-COVID-19 rehabilitation, Characteristics and management of community-acquired pneumonia in the era of global aging, Infographic. If you are experiencing chest pain and suspect it may be a result of COVID-19, call your doctor or head directly into one of Complete Cares 24/7 emergency care COVID testing sites. This is my third time with covid. ", Kerstin's experience with fatigue, palpitations and chest pain, "I felt like a battery that never charges properly", "Things are going in the right direction. I felt physically exhausted, mentally drained, and, for the first time in my life, began to consider asking for additional help. Monitoring functional status in post-acute coivd-19 patients is not yet an exact science. Are there different types of long Covid? (2021). Chest discomfort is one of the typical signs of pneumonia, which is an infection of the lungs. The patient should be provided with safety-netting advice (such as contacting their general practice or NHS111) in the event of recurrent low saturation readings. British Thoracic Society. NHS England. Wu F, Wang A, Liu M, et al. Excess mucus in your airways caused by bronchitis can restrict breathing and cause: 7. Breathlessness tends to improve with breathing exercises (box 2). I had to use my inhaler up to 4 times a day and was on about 3 rounds of prednisone. How to conserve your energy: Practical advice for people during and after having COVID-19. Chest pain in any form whether it is a burning sensation in the chest or sharp stabbing pain can be indicative of a serious underlying condition. I would lie down when I got that way, use my proair inhaler for asthma. They should aim for an inspiration to expiration ratio of 1:2. c) Regular follow up and assessment of cardio pulmonary sequelae helps in resolution of primary cause and resolves secondary symptoms like chest pain.". Below we explain when to get medical help for heart-related long Covid symptoms: Some people are experiencing heart palpitations after having Covid. 2020. Most publications on covid-19 and mental health have emphasised individual reactions to the pandemic such as anxiety, stress, and conditions related to broken routines, loneliness, and social isolation in uninfected individuals6566; the World Health Organisation has issued guidance on these.67 Lay accounts suggest that post-acute covid-19 is often associated with low mood, hopelessness, heightened anxiety, and difficulty sleeping.6 Post-traumatic stress disorder may occur, especially in healthcare workers and others with caring responsibilities.151643, While a minority of patients may benefit from referral to mental health services, it is important not to pathologise the majority. New developments on the science of treating Post Covid Syndrome on the horizon. While there isnt one single treatment or medication that's used to treat the overall condition of long Covid, there are treatments that may help to relieve some of the symptoms of it. Much can be achieved through interprofessional, community-facing rehabilitation services which embrace patient self management and peer support and harness the potential of video and other remote technologies. clinical governance framework. Can anyone out there relate to this. This technique can be used frequently throughout the day, in 5-10 minute bursts (or longer if helpful). (2022). dyspnea, anosmia, ageusia, cough, chest pain or tightness, memory difficulties, and increased anxiety and depression indicate involvement of other organ systems outside . .. Advertisement .. Coronavirus: Experiencing Chest Pain Post-Covid-19? Despite the Covid infection being moderate, these complaints have increased. Those who have had significant respiratory illness may benefit from pulmonary rehabilitation, defined as a multidisciplinary intervention based on personalised evaluation and treatment which includes, but is not limited to, exercise training, education, and behavioural modification designed to improve the physical and psychological condition of people with respiratory disease.43 In the context of covid-19, rehabilitation is being delivered by various virtual models, including video linked classes and home education booklets with additional telephone support. What is the efficacy and safety of rapid exercise tests for exertional desaturation in covid-19? Increasing literature supports the presence of more than 100 potential symptoms after the acute phase of infection such as: The displayed data aggregates results
Recovery and returning to normal activities after COVID, Your email is invalid. This pain may happen. I can just suggest not to push your body too much and rest when you need to. If you are experiencing chest pain or pressure that lasts longer than a couple of minutes or is accompanied by other emergency symptoms such as confusion or trouble breathing, call 911 or head into the emergency room regardless of whether or not your chest pain could be COVID-related. CHECK YOUR SYMPTOMS Use the COVID-19 Symptom and Antiviral Eligibility Checker to find out if you need medical help. Current knowledge on SARS-CoV-2 acute infection has dramatically increased. They therefore benefit from multidisciplinary care, which is available at the UCHealth Post-COVID Clinic. Abstract Submission Deadline 23 June 2023, Manuscript Submission Deadline 21 October 2023. It can also occur because of pericarditis, in which inflammation develops in the hearts outer layer. Here are expert tips. Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author. explainsDr. Sanchayan Roy,Senior Consultant Internal Medicine and Critical Care,National Heart Institute, Apollo Royal Cradle. Patient organisations emphasise wellbeing, mindfulness, social connection, self care (including diet and hydration), peer support, and symptom control. If you experiencesignificant chest discomfort suddenly, especially if it spreads to your arms, back, or jaw, it's essential to get medical help right once. So, symptom management is very important. While temporary changes to your heart rate are usually harmless, speak to your GP if your heart is racing frequently or for prolonged periods of time, if youre feeling worried about it, or if you have a history of heart problems. You can call them on 0808 801 0899 or email, Always call 999 if you have any emergency symptoms, such as sudden chest paint, or if you think you may be having a heart attack or stroke. As of 5 March 2023, an estimated 1.9 million people in the UK were experiencing self-reported long Covid. Prayers going up right now. Go to the Post-COVID Recovery & COVID-19 Support Group. Click to reveal Healthdirect Australia is not responsible for the content and advertising on the external website you are now entering. COVID-19 has been linked to symptoms like throat pain and acid reflux. By Zoe Kleinman. For example, your symptoms could be caused by something else, such as angina, which can feel like a dull, heavy or tight feeling in your chest. Appropriate adjustments should be made for patients with lung disease and known hypoxiain whom the range of 88-92% is considered acceptable. I agree, talking is tiring. I rarely get unwell, and if I do its a fleeting fling with something that is usually seasonal and easily self medicated. urine that's foamy or bloody. Some people who have been infected with the virus that causes COVID-19 can experience long-term effects from their infection, known as Post-COVID Conditions (PCC) or Long COVID. I was feverish, soaked with sweat to the point of having to regularly towel myself down, and with a persistent headache that had no relief in spite of increased doses of paracetamol or ibuprofen. Thank you for responding All authors provided additional information and references and contributed to several iterations of the paper and infographic. Long COVID can affect nearly all parts of the body with multiple and varied symptoms. Related information on Australian websites, development and quality assurance of healthdirect content, A guide to managing COVID-19 as rules relax, How to treat mild COVID-19 symptoms and who can have oral antiviral treatments for COVID-19, Recovery and returning to normal activities after COVID-19. If we take a paced approach, we can try and avoid that. All Rights Reserved. Cardiologist Dr Robert Bell has been jointly running Covid clinics with respiratory colleagues at University College London Hospital (UCLH) for more than a year and treating patients who experience "exercise intolerance". ' Long Covid ' is a term used to describe ongoing symptoms four or more weeks following acute Covid -19 infection. . For some people, gardening, climbing the stairs or even washing the dishes can leave someone with long Covid feeling tired or weak. Others who are asymptomatic don't require additional cardiac testing, says the ACC guidance. I had a bad case of Covid last August with double pneumonia and ashtmatic bronchitis and ended up in the ER. In: Myalgic encephalomyelitis (or encephalopathy)/chronic fatigue syndrome: diagnosis and management (in development GID-NG10091). Covid-19: The road to recovery activity planner.