It will interfere with the Amprolium that tries to deprive the parasite of its energy sources. We make money when you buy a product after clicking a link to a retailer. (LogOut/ The best approach for deworming your flock will depend on many . No, there is no egg withdrawal with Corid (amprolium). Prior to the fall worming, I take a fecal sample to my veterinarian. Heres a link to a local resource: Veterinary Meds and Farm Supply BC provides licensed sales of livestock health care non-prescription medications, vitamins, supplements and natural products. Treatment depends on age and weight: for chicks (40g), adult hens (2.5-5 kg), and small chickens (~1 kg). The dosage for Corid 20% Soluble Powder is 1/2 teaspoon per gallon of water. Mathis, G. F., Mcdougald, L. R., & Mcmurray, B. I. R. C. H. (1984). There are a few main types of internal worms that can affect chickens; roundworms, gapeworms, threadworms and tapeworms being the most common. It has been approved by the FDA for use in laying hens with 0 days withdrawal periodper the Vet Dept. The European Agency for the Evaluation of Medicinal Products Veterinary Medicines and Inspections. For a better experience, please enable JavaScript in your browser before proceeding. Hi Ron. If you want to confirm a diagnosis, you can send scrapings of the gut lining to a state diagnostic lab. Commercial egg-laying hens are raised for the entire duration of their lives in a strictly controlled environment. Does CORID have egg withdrawal? Amprolium is a well-known anticoccidial medication to prevent and treat coccidiosis in chicken and turkey. When drugs are given to animals a small part of the drug ends up in their meat, milk and eggs, which gradually dissipates over time. Do Cows Have Fur? The withdrawal period includes the entire duration a bird has been treated PLUS the stated withdrawal period (i.e. None of the information or recommendations here should be construed as medical advice. CORID drench solutions may be stored in a clean, closed, labeled container for up to 3 days. Diarrhea, which may become bloody in severe cases, is the primary symptom. Please consult a veterinarian if you are dealing with a persistent illness or losses within your flock. My name is Patricia M. Harpole as a single mom I wanted to feel more financially stable and I knew that I can achieve that through farming. :)Jen. So whats a backyard chicken owner to do? They are treated for 2-3 days consecutively. Many drugs are recommended for use in some species (e.g. You can give Corid to chicks within the 1st week. All birds are at risk, but growing birds and young adults ages 3 to 5 weeks old seem most susceptible. So coccidiosis cannot spread from a chicken to a goosebut it can spread like wildfire from chicken to chicken. Both forms are added to the drinking water. She was put on Clavamox for infection and Meloxicam for pain! Corid treatments for coccidia will not harm the egg and there is no withdrawal period for eating eggs from chickens treated with amprolium. Share this post: on Twitter on Facebook on Google+. Why is there no withholding time for Tylan? It can be devastating to a flock. A healthy-looking hen might be infected with Salmonella, and may lay an occasional SE-contaminated egg while the rest are safe for human consumption. Are chickens natural selection or selective breeding? Understanding how an egg is made will give you some insight into how, and where, drug residues are most likely to occur. Unfortunately, we cannot offer suggestions for medication withdrawal times as a blanket statement. . If you decide to use it, you shouldnt eat your chickens eggs againever. That doesnt necessarily mean theyre ineffective or unsafe for use in chickens, just that they havent been studied and if used on birds would be referred to as off-label. Glad that you found this blog post helpful! It sometimes takes longer, so you can continue the administration for 5 or 7 days. POST-TREATMENT Pyrantel is effective against roundworms and hookworms. Corid is the brand name for amprolium, the right medication for coccidiosis. I also recognize that health issues often occur at inopportune times (late at night or on the weekend) and many people dont have easy access to, or cant afford, an avian veterinarian. Unfortunately, my local ag store only carries Sulmet, so I am stuck with using that. Since Amprolium is so similar to vitamin B1, it inhibits the active transport of real thiamin into the cells. Just like how corid can end coccidiosis. For use in auto- matic water proportioners that meter 1 fl oz of stock solution per gallon of drinking water, add i bag (10 oz) in l gallon of water to make stock solution. The recommended daily dosage is 10 mg per kg ( weight of the chicken). Includes hard to find info and answers many questions on this subject. When buyingmedicated feed, read the label and check if amprolium is in its content. I know about the withholding time for the fenbendazole but Im curious now about other meds. However, these drugs should be used according to the recommendation of the licensed veterinarian. The active ingredient in Corid is amprolium. The treatment dosage range above is given for mild and severe infections. The medication should be given promptly, especially to chicks, as they are more susceptible to this disease than the matured chicken. Your dog most likely became infected with coccidia from swallowing oocysts (immature coccidia) that are found in dog feces and soil contaminated with feces. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. Thank you so much for all the useful information. What is this? Give daily for 21 days. Also, about how much is it to get a fecal sample tested from your specific vet? Treatment can repeated after 5 days to treat oocysts in the pre-patent period. 20 mg/kg in drinking water; repeat the treatment after 10 days. Also, do I need to repeat in 10days? Moreover, you can use this medication either for prevention or treatment purposes. Part 3: Amprolium. My flock is in stationary housing, so worming is of higher importance. As it dwells in the digestive system, it damages the intestinal linings and interrupts the ability of the chickens to absorb nutrients. if(typeof ez_ad_units != 'undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[728,90],'farmandchill_com-large-mobile-banner-1','ezslot_5',106,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-farmandchill_com-large-mobile-banner-1-0'); These procedures are not necessary for an experienced poultry vet who can just inspect the intestines and confirm the infection. for five days or alternatively Albon (sulfadimethoxine) also for five days to treat it. No withdrawal for Corid, since it's just concentrated Amprolium, a thiamine blocker. Give it to your chicken a few times, and if you can see some results, you save some money. The withdrawal period in eggs is 2-3 days. The goal is to prepare a 24-hour supply of the medicated solution by mixing the recommended dosage of Corid with their daily amount of drinking water. And yes, if you give your hens non-organic feed or antibiotics their eggs are no longer considered certified organic. I just ended a treatment of tylan in the water of my small flock of 12 that free range, and dewormed with fenbendazole after a fecal analysis, all prescribed by my veterinarian. The instructions for Safeguard does say to repeat in 10 days for another 3-day treatment. How much money can you make off a chicken house? Hi Hannah. In the USA, its one of the approved medications of the FDA for egg-laying eggs. Youll want to follow the label directions for any deworming product you intend to use. Poultry DVM and your article is a wonderful help. How long does it take for Corid to work in chickens? Additional Vitamin B1 supplementation can be given after completing the treatment. For large flocks and multi-animal. All chickens have a combination of good and bad bacteria in their intestines, if the balance is disturbed there can be an overgrowth of harmful bacteria. It can be given on the day of hatching for the chickens to develop immunity to the parasite. It is a good idea to followup on coccidia treatments with a 30 day course of a vitamin supplement containing vitamins A and K, the amprolium works by competing with these . If you want to read more about chicken health problems, symptoms, and diseases, check out our Health Page. We will be first time chicken parents next week and excitement and nervousness are mixed together! Chicken, egg layers: PO: OTC: BMD 30, BMD 30 Granular A, BMD 50, BMD 50 Granular A, BMD 60 . In the United States, it is one of the few medications approved by the FDA for use in egg laying hens. How much Corid 9.6 is in a gallon of water? The coccidia that causes coccidiosis is a small single-celled parasite living in a chickens intestines. However, some reports measure traces of Amprolium in the eggs during treatment. In this manner, a single parasite can infect the entire flock. Wir verwenden Cookies um Inhalte und Anzeigen zu personalisieren, um Social-Media-Funktionen zur Verfgung zu stellen und unseren Traffic zu analysieren. EFSA Panel on Additives and Products or Substances used in Animal Feed (FEEDAP), Rychen, G., Aquilina, G., Azimonti, G., Bampidis, V., Bastos, M. D. L., & Gropp, J. Yellow, foamy or greasy-looking chicken poop can be a sign of internal parasites (worms, coccidiosis) an infection, (bacterial or viral) a diet too high in protein or kidney dysfunction. Change). chickens). The bird density depends on the chicken breed and setup. Corid is available over-the-counter in several countries, as its not an antibiotic (its a coccidiostat). The file library for the Vet Corner Facebook Groups (Pet, Horse, Goat, Chicken, Exotic, Animal Sense), Not Approved (can only be used by veterinary prescription even when available OTC, consult your veterinarian for withdrawal times appropriate to your specific situation), STRICTLY PROHIBITED -ILLEGAL TO USE lifetime withdrawal, Please do not remove this information. Survivors of one strain may become infected with a different strain and require further treatment. The prognosis for a dog with coccidia is good. CORID drench solutions may be stored in a clean, closed, labeled container for up to 3 days. Information is exclusively for labeled use(s) of FDA-approved food animal drugs. There is likely to be variation within a flock with regard to the response to infection. by Meghan H | Jan 2, 2023 | Coops, Runs, and Outdoor Spaces, Poultry Health & Wellness, Winter. If you have any questions or advice for other readers that youve found helpful in deworming your flock, leave us a message and let us know about it. They simply do not have a way of coming in contact with most internal parasites, therefore the companies that develop the vast majority of deworming medicines have not done the expensive research and testing needed to label a product for use in chickens. Or go to The Classroom and find a comprehensive list of all Chicken Fans articles. So, have treated hens w/ivermectin, cannot use eggs for 10 days i have been told. :=). I did a scan of the product and I wouldnt want to definitively say that it would be problematic or not, but my guess is there is greater concern for eating the eggs or meat than hatching the eggs. Control. Summer and a warm environment can be the causes. Generally those products would have little or no data on optimal dosages and side-effects, as well as safety and withdrawal periods for chickens. I would remove any uneaten feed with the Safeguard in it after they are done with their 3-day treatment. Clinical signs include mucoid or bloody diarrhea, dehydration, anemia, listlessness, ruffled feathers, suboptimal growth and death. Valbazen Drench, treats tapeworms, roundworms, capillary worms, cecal worms & gapeworms. Offer as the only source of drinking water for 5 days. Withdrawal periods are about preventing resistance, not about toxicity or potential harm from ingesting the eggs. [EMEA]. Give the preventative dose for 1-2 weeks after a 5-day treatment. No, there is no egg withdrawal with Corid (amprolium). When it comes to taking care of your chickens, its fairly easy to find plenty of solid research on proper feed requirements, housing needs and general care of your backyard flock. Amprolium, (brand name Corid) the medication in chick starter feed most backyard chicken keepers are familiar with, is not an antibiotic and is not affected by the VFD. You wont need to buy costly medications, food items, or herbs to treat coccidiosis. Here are some ways to follow: As mentioned, coccidiosis is a disease that inhibits nutrient absorption. Yeast to Chick Starter Ratio for Ducklings? The underlying condition may cause additional problems or complications that will require further management. Diatomaceous earth can help with external parasites, but since diatomaceous earth loses its effectiveness when wet, using it as a dewormer for internal parasites is anecdotal at best. CORlD (amprolium) is indicated as an aid in the treatment and prevention of coccidiosis (bloody scours) caused by Eimeria bovis and E. zurnii in calves. Can chickens eggs hatch without a rooster? For every member who posts symptoms of their sick chicken there are numerous responses offering diagnoses, treatment regimens and pharmaceutical remedies often conflicting and confusing. Therefore, clinical coccidiosis is most prevalent under conditions of poor nutrition, poor sanitation, or overcrowding, or after the stresses of weaning, shipping, sudden changes of feed, or severe weather. Repeat treatment in 14 days. Thanks for your question. Hence, the parasites are starved to death. If your bird has two rounds of a med then you need to factor in a withdrawal period that includes both periods. Follow treatment with a vitamin supplement (especially A and K) is recommended and chickens affected by coccidiosis can take a few weeks to fully recover from their infection. Increase the good bacteria in the chickens stomach by adding a little garlic to the yogurt. Any recovery from severe infection can take 10-14 days, and it takes longer to reach pre-infection production status. Many folks are upset by the limiting of poultry medications ones theyve previously used and know might help their flock. How long does CORID stay good for? You may administer the mixture through asyringe. Is corid dosage effective against coccidiosis? The daily dose is 10 mg for every kilo of the chickens weight. The prevention, in this case, is to minimize the exposure to parasite load. Survivors of one strain may become infected with a different strain and require further treatment. All Rights Reserved. When you buy through our links, we may earn a commission. Corid dosage is effective against coccidiosis. This is a genus of apicomplexan parasites with various species. Because coccidiosis and Mareks Disease can impact chicks at a very early age, the vaccinations should be provided at the hatchery in the first few days of life. The study found of in particular note, ACV has an anticoccidial effect in poultry. During treatment, dont give any other drinking water to your chickens but the medicated water. Neurologic problems (such as difficulty walking) have been documented but are rare. You have to keep the poultrys environment dry as moisture encourages the growth of cocci and other diseases. Thanks Claire for sharing your knowledge on many poultry related issues! No, Corid does not treat worms. Furthermore, eggs laid by hens who took corid are safe for consumption. One isn't more effective than the other; they will both get rid of a coccidiosis infection in your chickens. Noack, S., Chapman, H.D. Give 0.34 ml per pound of body weight orally once or twice a day for 1-3 days. Commercial egg-laying hens are raised for the entire duration of their lives in a strictly controlled environment. Find the correct and FDA recommended dosage in our comprehensive table. Coccidia will usually go away with treatment with ponazuril or Albon. CORID stops coccidia at a critical stage in the host animals small intestine toprevent more damaging coccidiosis in the large intestine. Hi! There are two main approaches to deworming chickens: all natural home-remedy type methods and products and the medicine-type products. Waterfowl such as ducks and geese need access to water for bathing, to keep their feathers healthy, and keep the nasal cavities clear. The withdrawal period is the time between when the last dose of a drug was given and when the level of drug residues in the meat, milk or eggs falls below the maximum allowable limit. Panel, E.B., 2021. It should not be given as it is, rather first mixed in water and given to the chicken in a certain amount. Amprolium (Corid ) can be used as both a treatment and preventative for coccidiosis. But most hens can probably handle a light parasite load and not really have their health or production put at risk. 1 Egg Poultry Feed Market Overview 1.1 Product Scope 1.2 Segment by Type 1.3 Segment by Application 1.4 Market Estimates and . I hope that is what I am reading!!! Amprolium (Corid) or sulfa drugs, such as sulfamethazine, sulfadimethoxine (Albon) are most commonly used once a day for five days. Burn the bedding to prevent flock members and wild birds access to it. Sanitize the coop, nesting boxes, and roosting bars with an ammonia and water solution; 1 part ammonia to 9 parts water. Required fields are marked *. For severe infections, consider adding vitamin K to the chickens diet. It has been approved by the FDA for use in laying hens with 0 days withdrawal periodper the Vet Dept. It has been approved by the FDA for use in laying hens with 0 days withdrawal periodper the Vet Dept. Copyright 2023 Thank Chickens |As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases. Fill in your details below or click an icon to log in: You are commenting using your WordPress.com account. With the right dosage of corid, improvement can be seen in two or three days. coach723 Aug 8, 2022 #3 coach723 Free Ranging 8 Years Feb 12, 2015 8,418 13,808 671 North Florida The correct dose for Corid is 2 tsp of the liquid per gallon of water or 1 1/2 tsp of the powder per gallon of water. I called the manufacturer about this. So this may be obvious from what you wrote, but just to clarify, you use one of these medications a time, twice per year, and rotate each. There are many species of coccidia, and dogs are most often affected by the species of coccidia called Isospora. The parasite called oocyst is easily detected by a microscope. Chickens that are allowed to roam freely on the ground will no doubt be exposed to many different parasites. Corid isnt an anti-biotic, but it helps with the production of antibodies by putting some cocci in the system of the chickens to form a resistance against the disease. I also suggest that folks obtain a correct diagnosis and treatment plan from someone with medical training and know-how. Safe when administered at the recommended dose. Im confused! With a dozen or so hens, giving an individual dosage to each hen isnt difficult, so paste-type dewormers are a possibility. The most common coccidiosis drug, Corid, has 0 days withdrawal period and you can get eat those eggs immediately. The dosage for Corid 20% Soluble Powder is 1/2 teaspoon per gallon of water. Recommended Egg Withdrawl Period for Corid:No withholding required for eggs Finally, we have merial corid liquid. Chickens tend to lower their food intake during hot days. In chickens, roundworms, gapeworms and tapeworms are the most common. While Corid is based on Amprolium, other drugs like Sulmet are antibiotics and are usually only available on prescription by a vet. if(typeof ez_ad_units != 'undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[300,250],'farmandchill_com-large-mobile-banner-2','ezslot_7',109,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-farmandchill_com-large-mobile-banner-2-0'); If theres no improvement, its best to consult a veterinarian as chickens may have a different kind of disease. So what is the withdrawal period?? Corid works against Vitamin B that is found in Thiamin. As a secondary precaution spray everything once again with a Melaleuca (high grade tea tree) or colloidal silver solution. Currently hes pursuing a PhD in Nutritional Sciences at University of Agriculture, Faisalabad. Corid is marketed as a bovine product, but is safe to use with chickens, it kills all the strains that affect chickens, and there is no egg withdrawal period, if your hens are even still laying eggs, most don't when they're sick. I ask because I have a good sized flock and it will be pretty hard to get 1/2 cc into each one individually..some of them are kind of ornery! When coccidiosis is allowed to proliferate unchecked, it invades the lining of the intestines causing tissue damage and interfering with nutrient absorption. I do not repeat the ivermectin drops as a matter of routine. Coccidiosis or cocci is a common intestinal disease that arises in summer or warm environments. In some situations, you might reconsider starting a round of Amprolium: When treating with Amprolium, dont give your chickens extra vitamin B1. Coccidiosis is caused by coccidia, usually Eimeria. Hi! will help you decide whats best for your flock given your location, number of birds and other local factors that may play into your decision. Corid is considered to be a safe drug, with only a few side effects. Using Corid does not require an egg-withdrawal period, so that you can enjoy their fresh daily eggs. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); This site uses Akismet to reduce spam. Learn more about ourprivacy policyanddisclaimer. In future, maybe use a product that isnt an issue for your household pets/chickens. Can you sell eggs from your own chickens? There are a few main types of internal worms that can affect chickens; roundworms, gapeworms, threadworms and tapeworms being the most common. Overview Amprolium is a common anticoccidial medication used in the treatment and prevention of coccidiosis in chickens and turkeys. if(typeof ez_ad_units != 'undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[250,250],'farmandchill_com-medrectangle-3','ezslot_9',117,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-farmandchill_com-medrectangle-3-0'); Coccidiosis is what you have to watch out for in this setting. By acting on the youngasexual stages of the coccidia life cycle, CORID allows exposure to first-generationschizonts, so the host animal can develop natural immunity to coccidia. I would add Elektor PSP to the list that includes Withdraw Period as it seems to be frequently used mites treatment. 2014-2022 Rural Veterinary Outreach. Amprolium, (brand name Corid) the medication in chick starter feed most backyard chicken keepers are familiar with, is not an antibiotic and is not affected by the VFD. Has your vet ever found any worms in the fecal sample and if so, did he/she recommended any different treatment other then youre already doing? If I had a dollar for every time I saw people advising the use of antibiotics and other medications some of which are not considered safe for use in chickens, and others outright banned Id be rich. If we look beyond Eimeria, Amprolium is usually effective against Isospora sp., but Atoxoplasma coccidia is resistant to treatment. Ingesting drug residues can lead to allergies, cancers, antibiotic resistance and other negative health impacts. We discuss the uses and dosage of Corid for treating coccidiosis in chickens, how it works, and important considerations for its safe use. Our Vet suggested using Corid (amprolium) at 1 cc/20 lbs. Typically, the diarrhea from puppies with coccidiosis is a sour foul smelling stool, often yellow in color. Common Egg Withdrawal Times in North America, Not Approved (allowed only by veterinary prescription, even when available over-the-counter), Strictly Prohibited (Lifetime Withdrawal). You have to know the cure to save the lives of your chicken. Hithis is great information, thanks so much for posting it! The parasite cells are 50 times more sensitive to this inhibition than the chicken cells. Diarrhoea in hot weather. Common Egg Withdrawal Times in North America Approved Products for Laying Hens Amprolium (Corid): no withdrawal Oxytetracycline in water (800mg dose): 14 days for personal consumption; 8 weeks for sold eggs (approved in Canada, not USA) Permethrin (Permectrin II, ProZap): no withdrawal NO EGG WITHDRAWAL PERIOD Amprolium is approved for use in laying hens by the FDA, which means there is no egg withdrawal period. Sadly, most chickens that roam in the backyard are not vaccinated. There are various brands of amprolium, and they are as follow: Corid soluble powder 20% - Every one gram of this medication has 200 mg of amprolium. Thank you so much for this post and for sending it out by email what great timing. (e.g. Give daily for 5 days. Share this post: on Twitter on Facebook on Google+. These doses are based on FDA prescription: These doses should give your chickens 1530 mg Amprolium per kg bodyweight daily. Withdrawal Date Calculator; FARAD Resources Animal Use Classes; Extra-label Drug Use; FARAD Digest List . When we overuse or misuse pesticides, wormers, antibiotics and other medications pathogens can develop resistance to those products in future. Avian intestinal coccidiosis is a ubiquitous protozoal gastrointestinal (GI) parasite (i.e. When it comes to storing Corid, it is important to ensure that it is kept in a dry and dark location at room temperature (60 to 90F). 9 Scottish Cattle Breeds | Check for Photos! Since I have quite a large laying flock of usually around 150 hens. The Vet Corner Groups are run solely by volunteers. Its also best to maintain the cleanliness and dryness of the environment to impede the development of the disease. Chicken Fans is reader-supported. Once the vet has diagnosed Coccidiosis in one or more of your animals, all other flock members are likely exposed, and all should be treated. Coccidiosis spreads in an environment contaminated by fecal. But I take a fecal sample to my poultry veterinarian about three times a year to check the effectiveness of my de-worming program. There are times that coccidia infection can recur. I did reach out to the manufacturer as well but just educating myself! I find it easiest to use dewormers that I can put in their drinking water. For ducks: 0.5-1.0 mL/L of 9.6% solution added to drinking water for 5 days. amprolium: Chicken, egg layers: PO: OTC: . The said vitamin is vital for the growth and reproduction of the cocci parasites. Maybe, maybe not. For example: give two teaspoons per gallon for the first five days and then half a teaspoon for the next 7 to 14 days. However, coccidiosis is usually associated with stress, immunosuppression, or other infectious agents. The disease spreads from one animal to another by contact with infected feces or ingestion of infected tissue. When they eat more, it increases the chance of getting the disease. They wont spread when sick animals are separated, and theres good sanitation. Thus, vitamin K should be provided along with Corid. We thank you for your kindness! Corid, also known as the medication Amprolium, is used to treat coccidiosis, a terrible chicken disease. For treatment, you need a higher dose. I applaud folks who care about the welfare of their birds, but it often means obtaining a diagnosis without training or real understanding about chicken illnesses and the drugs used to treat them. It is best to add a probiotic at the same time to help increase the good bacteria. But if a huge number of parasites get into the chickens body, the disease develops. Because coccidia organisms are very resistant, they can persist in the environment for long periods of time. Amprolium is a powerful medication that can knock out a coccidiosis infection quickly. Ive done some research for you on worming chickens and here are my best practices for my flock of 150 laying hens. Offer as the only source of drinking water for 5 days. Your email address will not be published. Change), You are commenting using your Facebook account. Affiliate Disclosure If its for drench treatment, you need to add 3 oz of corid to 1 pt of water.if(typeof ez_ad_units != 'undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[250,250],'farmandchill_com-leader-2','ezslot_11',108,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-farmandchill_com-leader-2-0'); Corid is used for eliminating coccidiosis through thiamine deficiency. Easy to administer; just mix with drinking water or administer as a drench. Is that correct? Ivermectin pour-on, applied to the back of chickens neck; 1 drop for tiny chickens, 3 drops for bantams, 4 for lightweight birds, 5 for large birds and 6 for heavy breeds. Coccidiosis is a parasitic disease of the intestinal tract of animals caused by coccidian protozoa. Vaccines are given at the hatchery on the day of hatch. Enter your email address to subscribe to this blog and receive notifications of new posts by email. Numerous plant-based products have been found to be effective at treating chicken coccidiosis: Artemisia annua and artemisinin [10, 11], oregano [12], garlic [13], neem [14], different species of Aloe [15], green tea [16], sugar cane [17], turmeric [18] and many others [9, 19,20,21].