Tendinitis is the inflammation of a tendon, the thick band of dense regular connective tissue that attaches a muscle to a bone. Connective tissue is a heterogeneous tissue class with assorted cell shapes and tissue architecture. Adipose cells store surplus energy in the form of fat and contribute to the thermal insulation of the body. It makes up a template of the embryonic skeleton before bone formation. Connective tissues come in a vast variety of forms, yet they typically have in common three characteristic components: cells, large amounts of amorphous ground substance, and protein fibers. Elastic cartilage can stretch and recoil to its original shape because of its high content of elastic fibers. The amount and structure of each component correlates with the function of the tissue, from the rigid ground substance in bones supporting the body to the inclusion of specialized cells; for example, a phagocytic cell that engulfs pathogens and also rids tissue of cellular debris. Tug gently at your ear lobes, and notice that the lobes return to their initial shape. Fibrocytes, adipocytes, and mesenchymal cells are fixed cells, which means they remain within the connective tissue. It provides protection to internal organs and supports the body. In case of severe pain, X-rays can be examined to rule out the possibility of a bone injury. consent of Rice University. Tug gently at your ear lobes, and notice that the lobes return to their initial shape. Ch. 4 Key Terms - Anatomy and Physiology | OpenStax This ground substance is usually a fluid, but it can also be mineralized and solid, as in bones. . connective tissue that stores fat and protects organs is _____ adipose. After examining your swollen wrist, the doctor in the emergency room announces that you have developed wrist tendinitis. Many different cells contribute to the formation of connective tissues. A few cells can be seen squeezed between the fibers. OpenStax is part of Rice University, which is a 501(c)(3) nonprofit. Provides reserve fuel, insulates against heat loss, supports and protects organ Under skin, around kidneys and eyeballs, within abdomen, and in breasts areolar Wraps and cushions organs, its macrophages phagocytize bacteria, plays an important role in inflammation, and holds and conveys tissue fluid Widely distributed under epithelia, forms . Dense regular elastic tissue contains elastic fibers in addition to collagen fibers. Legal. That dull ache in the wrist that you ignored through the summer is now an unbearable pain. Adipose. Connective tissues come in a vast variety of forms, yet they typically have in common three characteristic components: cells, large amounts of amorphous ground substance, and protein fibers. Bone is the hardest connective tissue. -Located under epithelia and is widely distributed. These granules contain the chemical signals histamine and heparin. It contains all the cell types and fibers previously described and is distributed in a random, web-like fashion. Injuries to cartilage heal very slowly because cells and nutrients needed for repair diffuse slowly to the injury site. They are found throughout the body, but are most abundant in the reticular tissue of soft organs, such as liver and spleen, where they anchor and provide structural support to the parenchyma (the functional cells, blood vessels, and nerves of the organ). The proteoglycan attracts and traps available moisture forming the clear, viscous, colorless matrix you now know as ground substance. All of these fiber types are embedded in ground substance. In fluid connective tissue, in other words, lymph and blood, various specialized cells circulate in a watery fluid containing salts, nutrients, and dissolved proteins. All of the preventive measures aim to increase the strength of the tendon and decrease the stress put on it. Leukocytes, white blood cells, are responsible for defending against potentially harmful microorganisms or molecules. citation tool such as, Authors: J. Gordon Betts, Kelly A. Areolar tissue underlies most epithelia and represents the connective tissue component of epithelial membranes, which are described further in a later section. Heparin, also released as part of the inflammatory response, acts as an anticoagulant that prevents the formation of blood clots. Lymph contains a liquid matrix and white blood cells. Why does an injury to cartilage, especially hyaline cartilage, heal much more slowly than a bone fracture? Although repetitive motions are unavoidable in many activities and may lead to tendinitis, precautions can be taken that can lessen the probability of developing tendinitis. Cartilaginous tissue is avascular, thus all nutrients need to diffuse through the matrix to reach the chondrocytes. There are two major categories of dense connective tissue: regular and irregular. Collagen fiber is made from fibrous protein subunits linked together to form a long and straight fiber. This is not where connective tissue roles end. Compact bone is solid and has greater structural strength. Q. These serve to hold organs and other tissues in place and, in the case of adipose tissue, isolate and store energy reserves. Unlike epithelial tissue, which is composed of cells closely packed with little or no extracellular space in between, connective tissue cells are dispersed in a matrix. store fat and protect organs Reticular connective tissue forms? Bone tissue is highly vascularized. THE BENEFITS OF HAIR MINERAL TESTING ANALYSIS FOR ATHLETIC PERFORMANCE Hair mineral testing analysis is an invaluable tool for athletes and their coaches seeking to optimize athletic performance. How Are Consistency, Surface Tension and Viscosity Different? energy storage, padding between joints and organs, heat conversion ( surrounds joints organs, dermis of skin) . Connective/ Muscle Tissue Flashcards | Quizlet Ligaments connect bones together and withstand a lot of stress. Bone tissue is highly vascularized. Hyaline cartilage, the most common type of cartilage in the body, consists of short and dispersed collagen fibers and contains large amounts of proteoglycans. (a) Hyaline cartilage provides support with some flexibility. Loose connective tissue is found between many organs where it acts both to absorb shock and bind tissues together. Human Anatomy and Physiology Global Edition - (4 - Tissue - Studocu In contrast, white fat adipocytes store lipids as a single large drop and are metabolically less active. View the University of Michigan Webscope to explore the tissue sample in greater detail. Reticular tissue is a mesh-like, supportive framework for soft organs such as lymphatic tissue, the spleen, and the liver ([link]). This tissue is no longer present after birth, leaving only scattered mesenchymal cells throughout the body. In this way, specialized lymphatic capillaries transport absorbed fats away from the intestine and deliver these molecules to the blood. Blood cells, and the cells of all other connective tissues, come from the same kind of embryonic stem cell. When irritated or damaged, mast cells release histamine, an inflammatory mediator, which causes vasodilation and increased blood flow at a site of injury or infection, along with itching, swelling, and redness you recognize as an allergic response. Anatomy Chapter 4: Tissues Flashcards | Quizlet The surface of hyaline cartilage is smooth. Young athletes, dancers, and computer operators; anyone who performs the same movements constantly is at risk for tendinitis. The three main types of cartilage tissue are hyaline cartilage, fibrocartilage, and elastic cartilage ([link]). In vertebrates, it is composed of blood cells suspended in a liquid called blood plasma. Lymphatic capillaries are extremely permeable, allowing larger molecules and excess fluid from interstitial spaces to enter the lymphatic vessels. Which connective tissue specializes in storage of fat? On rare occasions, a sudden serious injury will cause tendinitis. Under the microscope, tissue samples appear clear. Connect tissues provide support and assist movement, store and transport energy molecules, protect against infections, and contribute to temperature homeostasis. Lastly, found in between the deep fascia and the serous membranes, is the subserous fascia. Supportive connective tissuebone and cartilageprovide structure and strength to the body and protect soft tissues. Connective Tissue Flashcards | Chegg.com The mast cell, found in connective tissue proper, has many cytoplasmic granules. These cells can differentiate into any type of connective tissue cells needed for repair and healing of damaged tissue. This type of tissue gives the walls of large arteries and respiratory passages strength and the ability to regain original shape after stretching. Blood is a fluid connective tissue, a variety of specialized cells that circulate in a watery fluid containing salts, nutrients, and dissolved proteins in a liquid extracellular matrix. It provides protection to internal organs and supports the body. electrons pass through any cross section across the wire's width at a steady rate. What is the current? LM 800. These fibers hold connective tissues together, even during the movement of the body. The chemical nature and physical layout of the extracellular matrix and proteins vary enormously among tissues, reflecting the variety of functions that connective tissue fulfills in the body. Under, or deep to, the superficial fascia is the deep fascia. Unlike cartilage, bone tissue can recover from injuries in a relatively short time. Like blood cells, mast cells are derived from hematopoietic stem cells and are part of the immune system. Most often, the condition results from repetitive motions over time that strain the tendons needed to perform the tasks. why is blood classified as connective tissue? On rare occasions, a sudden serious injury will cause tendinitis. This page titled 3.4: Connective Tissue is shared under a CC BY license and was authored, remixed, and/or curated by Whitney Menefee, Julie Jenks, Chiara Mazzasette, & Kim-Leiloni Nguyen (ASCCC Open Educational Resources Initiative) . These combine to form a proteoglycan with a protein core and polysaccharide branches. In loose connective tissue, the fibers are loosely organized, leaving large spaces in between. Chapter 4 Tissues Key Concepts Flashcards | Quizlet Embedded within the cartilage matrix are chondrocytes, or cartilage cells, and the space they occupy are called lacunae (singular = lacuna). Loose connective tissue proper includes adipose tissue, areolar tissue, and reticular tissue. Protein fibers fall into three major groups: collagen fibers that are thick, strong, flexible, and resist stretch; reticular fibers that are thin and form a supportive mesh; and elastin fibers that are thin and elastic. A large number of capillaries allow rapid storage and mobilization of lipid molecules. In bone, the matrix is rigid and described as calcified because of the deposited calcium salts. A. cells, ground substance, and carbohydrate fibers, B. cells, ground substance, and protein fibers, C. collagen, ground substance, and protein fibers. Cartilage and bone are supportive tissue. Blood and lymph are fluid connective tissues. (Micrograph provided by the Regents of University of Michigan Medical School 2012), This is a loose connective tissue that consists of fat cells with little extracellular matrix. Cells circulate in a liquid extracellular matrix. No blood vessels supply cartilage tissue. This tissue gives rigid support as well as elasticity. Bones are made of a rigid, mineralized matrix containing calcium salts, crystals, and osteocytes lodged in lacunae. Study the entries and answer the questions that follow. Unlike epithelial tissue, which is composed of cells closely packed with little or no extracellular space in between, connective tissue cells are dispersed in a matrix. 1. the energy required to increase the surface area of a liquid (surfactant) 2. a measure of the inward pull by interior particles. Young, James A. A few cells can be seen squeezed between the fibers. Accessibility StatementFor more information contact us atinfo@libretexts.org. Reticular fibers are also formed from the same protein subunits as collagen fibers; however, these fibers remain narrow and are arrayed in a branching network. As an Amazon Associate we earn from qualifying purchases. These granules contain the chemical signals histamine and heparin. Surgical repair of a tendon is painful. Elastic fiber contains the protein elastin along with lesser amounts of other proteins and glycoproteins. After examining your swollen wrist, the doctor in the emergency room announces that you have developed wrist tendinitis.