On the Social Science Wars | Jennifer L. Hochschild - Harvard University Castelli, C. J. It is a tremendously important branch of research that examines what it means to be a social being, how individuals function together as organized groups and societies, and how they interact with each other on issues of common interest. Author: jstor.org; Published: 01/26/2022; Critics of the military budget say that the billions of dollars spent on weapons and other military needs would be better spent on domestic needs such as schools and day care. Bess, M. (2008). InsideDefense.com NewsStand. The suicide rate of Iraq and Afghanistan veterans is thus more than three times higher than that of the general public (Martinez & Bingham, 2011). A case of social inequalities in modern societies. The second period is 19391945, when World War II killed 55 million people. The Vietnam War marked a time when many Americans became concerned about childrens suffering during wartime. Bumiller, E. (2010, July 25). (2012). Week 1 Question 7 Identify two social science issues related toeducation. Much of these mandatory expenses are funded by trust funds, such as Social Security taxes, which are raised and spent separately from income taxes. In this manner, a genetic tendency for physical aggression and warfare developed and thus still exists today. ABC News. First, war, terrorism, genocide, and other armed conflicts do continue. 9. (1999). Reinventing Social Science in the Military: Lessons Learned from the At the end of that war, however, the nuclear age began when the United States dropped two atomic weapons on Japan that killed tens of thousands instantly and tens of thousands more from radiation exposure. The Note 16.13 Children and Our Future box discusses this problem in greater detail. Speier, J. A major reason for this problem was that the Pentagon had begun building these systems before their designs had been completely tested. Union of Concerned Scientists. Bacevich, A. Second, members of Congress fear being labeled weak on defense if they try to reduce the military budget or do not agree to new weapons systems requested by the Pentagon. Veterans of the Vietnam War came back to a nation that often did not greet them as heroes. To quote the title of a recent report, military spending is a poor job creator (Hartung, 2012). Vietnam Veterans Against the War. Our papers are written to meet your needs, in a personalized manner. It examines issues such as military recruiting, race and gender representation in the military, combat, military families, military social organization, war and peace, and the military as welfare. We call them social issues when they start negatively impacting a specific group of people. War can also change a nations political structure in obvious ways, as when the winning nation forces a new political system and leadership on the losing nation. Retrieved from http://defensenewsstand.com/NewsStand-General/The-INSIDER-Free-Article/dod-new-nuclear-subs-will-cost-347-billion-to-acquire-operate/menu-id-720.html. Solomon, N. (2006). War is a social phenomenon in which a mixture of motives underlies decisions to go to war. Although the causes of World War II are complex, Hitlers effort to conquer much of Europe stemmed at least partly from his belief that Aryans (Germans and other Europeans with blond hair and blue eyes) were a superior species and non-Aryans were an inferior species (Bess, 2008). A concerted effort needed to help homeless veterans. policy analysis role of social science was given impetus by the Progressive movement (which had roots in Wisconsin) at the turn of the century, which held that application of the scientific method to political problems could lead to more effective governmental performance. Identify two social science issues related to education. New York, NY: New York Review of Books. New York Times. The Sociology of War - Sociology - Oxford Bibliographies - obo Sometimes, as with the US entrance into World War II after Pearl Harbor, these decisions are sincere and based on a perceived necessity to defend a nations people and resources, and sometimes these decisions are based on cynicism and deceit (Solomon, 2006). The SAGE Encyclopedia of War: Social Science Perspectives Almost half said their family relations were strained and that they often felt irritable or angry; 44 percent said they had problems reentering civilian life; and 37 percent said they had suffered from PTSD. Children of deployed troops struggle, study finds. Ledbetter, J. The United States has been at war in one-fifth of the years it has existed (Bumiller, 2010). The National Guard New York National Guard CC BY 2.0. Americas defense meltdown: Pentagon reform for President Obama and the new Congress Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press. Retrieved from http://www.alternet.org/world/151337/are_we_giant_suckers_while_the_us_blows_money_on_the_military,_europe _spends_dough_on_social_programs. (2012, January 12). New York, NY: Routledge. In addition, half of American children need food stamps at some time before becoming adults, while this problem is far rarer in Europe. New York, NY: Routledge. This includes current problems and risks that represent a probability of future problems. Describe some of the factors that have influenced this social institution in India. Bikeshedding Bikeshedding is the tendency for groups to focus on solving trivial problems while neglecting larger problems. Washington, DC: Congressional Research Service. For example, the Iraq war that began in 2003 involved two countries more than any others, the United States and Iraq. The Russian people do not want war. Most probably the Russian - JSTOR As a result, observes one economics writer, most Europeans have universal health care, deeply subsidized education (including free university tuition in many countries), modern infrastructure, good mass transit, and far less poverty than the United States has. The Methodology of the Social Sciences (Max Weber) Brunner and Suddarth's Textbook of Medical-Surgical Nursing (Janice L. Hinkle; Kerry H. Cheever) Voices of Freedom (Eric Foner) Biological Science (Freeman Scott; Quillin Kim; Allison Lizabeth) Forecasting, Time Series, and Regression (Richard T. O'Connell; Anne B. Koehler) For example, the deaths of so many soldiers during the American Civil War left many wives and mothers without their familys major breadwinner. Retrieved from http://fcnl.org/assets/flyer/taxchart11.pdf. Their unemployment rate was 13.1 percent in December 2011, compared to only 8.5 percent for the general public; the unemployment rate for veterans ages 2024 was near 30 percent (Dewan, 2011; Zornick, 2012). Kaplan, F. (2012, February 13). Describe some of the factors that have influenced this social institution in India. If warfare is not biological in origin, then it is best understood as a social phenomenon, one that has its roots in the decisions of political and military officials. New York Times, p. B4. More than 100 million soldiers and civilians are estimated to have died during the international and civil wars of the twentieth century (Leitenberg, 2006). New York Times, p. A1. His bodys here, but his mind is not here anymore. As these numbers make clear, military personnel who commit rape and sexual assault almost always avoid any punishment. Retrieved from http://www.denverpost.com/Stories/0,0,36%257E30137%257E,00.html. Stopping Americas most lethal export. Choose one of the five social institutions. As a news report summarized these families experience, Ms. Since 1993, US armed forces have waged war in Iraq and in Afghanistan and also joined international military operations in such countries as Bosnia, Herzegovina, and Libya. Nations also go to war for ideological reasons: they have certain belief systems that lead them to hold prejudice and other hostile feelings toward nations with different belief systems. Another issue would be the stress on the families who have a service member deployed in a war zone . What do you think is the worst problem that veterans have faced in returning from the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan? Women in politics. CNN.com. A quick calculation shows that about 11 percent of the worlds population died from the Mongolian wars, while 2 percent died from World War II. 100 Social Studies Topics and Tips for Choosing Best A recent study found that adolescents with a deployed parent are more likely than those with civilian parents to feel depressed and suicidal. These weapons were never found, and critics charged that the White House had fabricated and exaggerated evidence of the weapons in order to win public and congressional support for the war (Danner, 2006). World War I again provides an interesting example of such changes. Wells, T. (1994). Ashton, A. This latter fact needs some explanation. Deaths in wars and conflicts in the 20th century. Some major problems (other than the listed ones) in social science research (ssr) are: (1) evolving a sound methodology for collection of field data (2) interpretations of field data in relation . The minimum estimate almost matches the number of American deaths in all the other wars the United States has fought, and the maximum estimate greatly exceeds this number (see Table 16.2 US Participation in Major Wars). 110 Examples of Contemporary Issues - Simplicable New York Times, June 23, p. A19. By any measure, then, the US military has played a fundamental role, for better or worse, in the nations foreign affairs historically and also today. Identify two social science issues related to war. This $29 billion sum for each submarine during its lifetime could provide 5.8 million scholarships worth $5,000 each to low- and middle-income high school students to help them pay for college. Before the war, violent labor strikes were common in Britain and other European nations. Rape, sexual assault, and sexual harassment in the military: The quick facts. Regardless of these problems, this growing body of research documents how often rape and sexual assault in the military occur. Some Issues and Sources on Ethics in Anthropology Fourth, military waste in the form of cost overruns from poor accounting and other management failures is rampant. War and sacrifice in the post-9/11 era. Korb, L. J., Rothman, A., & Hoffman, M. (2012). Each of these warheads is an average of at least twenty times more powerful than each of the atomic bombs that decimated Japan. This is a social problem. Social Issues are any behavior or circumstance that impacts most members of a community. What are some social science issues related to war? We need to confront them to ensure equal treatment for everyone. Climate change is one of the most devastating problems the world has ever faced. The APSA acknowledged dissatisfaction after analyzing a 1998 survey of members and ex-members. Retrieved from http://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/obamas-damaging-blow-to-our-military/2012/01/12/gIQA3eMhuP_story.html. What is Social Science? In one example of what Tirman (2011, p. 153) calls a typical massacre, US soldiers arrived at a village that had just been bombed and ordered surviving residents to gather at the center of the town. SNHU Social Science Issues Assignment - MSNStudy.com Most Americans continued to live their normal lives, whereas most Iraqis had to struggle to survive the many ravages of war. Arms trade: A major cause of suffering. Dont blame the caveman. As Chapter 15 Population and the Environment discussed, population growth may lead to armed conflict of various types, including war, because growing populations need more food, water, and other resources. Some of the social science issues related to war are as follows; the effects of war on the family and the society. the families are worried about their loved ones Skip to document Ask an Expert Sign inRegister Sign inRegister Home Ask an ExpertNew My Library Discovery Institutions Western Governors University Grand Canyon University Until World War LI, what little policy research and evalua- War has significant impacts, but perhaps most of all on civilians and veterans. Social Justice Issues After Ww2 - 119 Words | 123 Help Me Other experts echo President Eisenhowers concern over the size of the military budget (Bacevich, 2011; Korb, Rothman, & Hoffman, 2012; Lochhead, 2012; Wheeler, 2009). April missed the man she used to know: The biggest loss is the loss of the man I married. Retrieved from http://abcnews.go.com/Politics/us-veterans-numbers/story?id=14928136#14928131. Given the dynamic nature of gang-related violence today, we aim to include empirical and theoretical research . War also has impact beyond the consequences for civilians and veterans. Halperin, S. (2004). Planes sprayed and bombed these chemicals. The U.S. military does not need or want all officers to become social scientist researchers, but applied social science can nevertheless help develop strategic thinking because it: (1) focuses on human behavior and influence; (2) develops comfort with competing theories; (3) requires creativity; and (4) uses evidence and iteration to better . Critics say these exports help fuel the worldwide arms race and international discord. Betrayal in the Ranks. New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction. The remaining several hundred refugees hid and were shot at for three days by US ground soldiers. War Is Our Most Urgent Problem--Let’s Solve It Figure 16.3 International Military Spending, 2010. You can order essays, annotated bibliography, discussion, research papers, reaction paper, article critique, coursework, projects, case . Choose one of the five social institutions. New York Times, p. A12. While it is undoubtedly true that a biomedical perspective dominated public health in the first half of the twentieth century, there has emerged, largely since World War II, a social science perspective in public health.This perspective has developed in departments of social and community medicine in Europe and in schools of public health in the United States . Sexual assault in the US military: A review of the literature and recommendations for the future. By contrast, The SAGE Encyclopedia of War: Social Science Perspective views war through the lens of the social sciences, looking at the causes, processes and effects of war and drawing from a vast group of fields such as communication and mass media . As discussed earlier, President Eisenhower eloquently warned about the influence of the US military and the size of the military budget. War is sustained armed conflict that causes large-scale loss of life or extreme material destruction (Worrell, 2011, p. 1). Begley, S. (2009, June 29). Those who are not affiliated with a . Although the truce later dissolved and labor-management conflict resumed, labor eventually won some limited rights thanks partly to its support for the war. Advertisement capkay1505 War made easy: How presidents and pundits keep spinning us to death. Want to create or adapt books like this? Retrieved from http://www.voanews.com/english/news/usa/Public-Private-Organizations-Work-to-Help-Thousands-of-Homeless-Veterans-in-NY- 139520143.html. DOD: New nuclear subs will cost $347 billion to acquire, operate. Why do various groups produce more terrorists than others. Introduction. Washington, DC: Center for American Progress. The shadow world: Inside the global arms trade. The authors, by reviewing the recent work of several behavioral and social science disciplines concerned with the impact of war upon society, suggest that the study of war's social ramifications has been characterized by the publication of empirical work that neglects, to some extent, the larger sociological implications of war as well as its A related subfield is military sociology, which focuses more explicitly on the organization and . Bombs containing napalm made by Dow Chemical were routinely used by the US military and its South Vietnamese allies during the Vietnam War to defoliate the countryside and to attack various targets. As just one example of such waste, a 2011 federal audit found that cost overruns over the prior two years had added at least $70 billion to projected costs of various weapons systems (Drew, 2011). Image courtesy of Sgt. As wars end, young veterans return to scant jobs. To get a more accurate estimate of how many such crimes occur, sound social research is necessary. They add that the exports often go to nations ruled by dictators, who then use them to threaten their own people (Feinstein, 2011; Shah, 2011). Harrison, T. (2012). Dewan, S. (2011, December 18). John Tirman, director of the Center for International Studies at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, worries that Americans have neglected the civilian victims of war. Racism and Religion Discrimination. Social Studies College answered Identify two social issues related to war See answers Advertisement theblastmaster2000xd Answer: Class war is the most promitent in the united states right now (Coming from a communist and whos father was in the BPP) Explanation: That is a perspective I did not think about. (2011, July 22). US military spending amounts to more than $1 trillion annually. Martinez, L., & Bingham, A. In 2010, more than 19,000 US military personnel, most of them women, were raped or sexually assaulted (Stalsburg, 2011). The war within: Americas battle over Vietnam. Identify two social science issues related to war. Stalsburg, B. L. (2011). The thirteenth-century Mongolians killed their 40 million with battleaxes and other crude weapons; the World War II deaths resulted from gunfire and conventional bombs. In another example, the Navy is designing a new series of nuclear submarines, with construction planned to start in 2019. The suicide rate of the general population is only 11.3 deaths per 100,000 population. Retrieved from http://www.census.gov/compendia/statab. The Korean and Vietnam veterans memorials in the nations capital and so many other memorials across the nation remind us of the hundreds of thousands of brave men and women who have died serving their country. (2011). Explain why war is best understood as a social phenomenon and why nations go to war. Choose one of the five social institutions. Open Document. Still, tensions often arise. Families go through savings and older parents dip into retirement funds (Einhorn, 2011, p. A12). (2012). Table 16.2 US Participation in Major Wars listed the hundreds of thousands of troop deaths in American wars. It would of course be a curious kind of "understanding" that had no implications for action, and this is perhaps especially true for the social sciences. What it means to be a democrat. 84 Examples of Social Issues - Simplicable Through research, discussion and debate, the social and behavioral science communities confront important societal issues everyday. Bangor Daily News. When the war began, a sort of truce developed between management and labor, as workers wanted to appear patriotic by supporting the war effort and hoped that they would win important labor rights for doing so. (1971). These more basic causes of war include population change and environmental change. Boot, M. (2012). Most arms exports from the United States and other exporters go to developing nations. Natural Science and Social Problems 117 government does not want it. This change is widely credited with helping spur the hopes of southern African Americans that racial desegregation would someday occur in their hometowns (McKeeby, 2008). Hartung, W. D. (2012). To put that another way, between 43 percent and 48 percent of all federal income tax dollars were used for military expenditures that year. Cost equivalencies illustrate what is lost when so much money is spent on the military, especially on weapons systems that do not work and are not needed. The Union of Concerned Scientists (2009) summarizes their danger bluntly: Nuclear weapons remain the greatest and most immediate threat to human civilization. However more peaceful the world is today, it could easily end at any moment. Module One Short Responses - Ellie Ramsby SCS 200 October 28, 2020 The $300 million cost of each F-35 fighter aircraft could pay for the salaries of 10,000 new teachers. The document you are viewing contains questions related to this textbook. If warlike tendencies were part of human genetic heritage, these convictions would not exist. SNHU Social Science Issues Assignment - Studying HQ Drugs may have a significant effect on people's health and emotional issues because of addiction and changes they may have on an individual's behavior in society. Perhaps worse, the United States ranks last among the worlds twenty wealthiest democracies in life expectancy and infant mortality and also ranks worst in the risk of dying before age 60. End of US military segregation set stage for rights movement. The Washington Post. Third, most people are not violent, and most soldiers have to be resocialized (in boot camp or its equivalent) to overcome their deep moral convictions against killing. First, it excludes several military-related costs such as veterans benefits and interest on the national debt from past military spending. The Navy plans to purchase twelve of these submarines. Retrieved from http://www.america.gov/st/diversity-english/2008/February/20080225120859liameruoy0.9820215.html. Washington, DC: Author. The first is the thirteenth century, when the Mongol Empire under the initial leadership of Genghis Khan became an empire in Asia and Eastern Europe through wars and conquest in which it killed 40 million people. PDF Poverty research and the social sciences - University of Wisconsin Feinstein, A. The defense industry remains a powerful force in the US economy six decades after Eisenhower issued his warning, and US military spending continues unabated. Poverty, discrimination, and addiction are examples of such problems. For example, the F-35 fighter aircraft has been plagued with management problems, huge cost-overruns, [and] substantial performance shortfalls, according to a recent news report (Kaplan, 2012). Certainly neither the people nor the gov ernment of the United States desire World War III. To illustrate this trend, compare two periods of history (Pinker, 2012). Many examples of this impact exist, but one well-known example involves the defeat of Germany in World War I, which led to a worsening economy during the next decade that in turn helped fuel the rise of Hitler. Where do our income tax dollars go. Wrangham, R. W. (2004). Use the reading about social institutions in India to identify two social science issues that could be researched further. US veterans: By the numbers. The psychological effect of war on veterans and their families 1 ) . (2011). World War II had a direct influence on the social justice movements after the war and even today. Evidence from a national survey of Iraq and Afghanistan veterans underscores the problems they face (Pew Research Center, 2011). The fiscal year 2013 defense budget: A report card. The psychological effect of war on veterans and their families We have textbook solutions for you! Retrieved from http://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/military-preparedness-does-not-come-cheap/2012/02/05/gIQA5PLfsQ_story.html. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Peace Studies Program. Why. The 1964 Gulf of Tonkin Resolution, in which Congress authorized President Lyndon Johnson to wage an undeclared war in Vietnam, was passed after North Vietnamese torpedo boats allegedly attacked US ships. A List of 470 Powerful Social Issues Essay Topics - Knowledge Base Shah, A. Reflecting this decline, a smaller percentage of the worlds population died in armed conflict during the past century than in earlier eras. for the social science issues related to war, the first thing that comes to mind is the effect on the families. Leitenberg, M. (2006). Between the end of the colonial period and 1993, the US military was involved in at least 234 declared wars, undeclared wars, or other situations abroad involving actual or potential armed conflict (Collier, 1993). We cannot discuss all of these issues here, but we will highlight some of the most interesting and important. Top social science questions | Daria Gritsenko, PhD - Helsinki In terms of the risk of dying in war, then, the Mongolian wars were five times more deadly than World War II. Describe some of the factors that have influenced this social institution in India. Very few studies include men in their surveys, but one study reported a 3 percent rate of sexual assault victimization for men while they were in the military. Around the globe, US military bases generate resentment, not security. Status of world nuclear forces. While industries everywhere are stimulated by their surrounding events and propelled to reexamine their professional practices to improve their greater communities, the social and behavioral sciences have interacted with societal issues and plights in their bodies . This includes social, environmental, economic and ethical issues created by the high rate of change to technology, societies, ecosystems, cultures, lifestyles and thinking that have characterized this period of world history. Identify two social science issues related to war. Describe some of the factors that have influenced this social institution in India. Some 400,000 tons of napalm were used altogether. Regarding this fear, former US senator and presidential candidate George McGovern (2011, p. 47), a decorated World War II hero, writes, We need to end the false choice between a bloated budget and a weak spine.. A.I.D.E. Social studies represent integrated and systematic study of several areas of social science/ humanities, among which economics, civics, history, geography, culture, sociology, political science, archaeology, law, philosophy, religion, etc. New research looked at 133 countries. Each submarine is projected to cost more than $8 billion to build and another $21 billion in constant dollars in operation and maintenance costs over its lifetime (Castelli, 2012). Outline both sides to the debate over the size of the US military budget. McKeeby, D. (2008, February 25). Social Sciences Brown sociologist weighs in on tensions at the Russia-Ukraine border Professor of Sociology Michael D. Kennedy provided historical background on Russia's relationship with Ukraine and explained how the current crisis could unleash major conflicts across the globe. (2011). Identify two social science issues related to war. | Quizlet In contrast, the United States spends 5.1 percent of its economy on its base military budget, which does not include costs for veterans benefits, for the Iraq and Afghanistan wars, and military spending that falls outside the Pentagons budget.