Every seedling should have root and shoot. Super Napier grass doesn't get any kind of fungal disease, never gets destroyed by grasshoppers, and most importantly, Napier grass can be sustained for at least 5 years. Peanut Res. Peanut Sci. But Gir cow is among those high milk-producing cows that can compete with HF and Jersey in some sense. https://doi.org/10.1111/gcbb.12320, USDA-NASS. It is suitable for cultivation throughout the year. Napier plant grass can also undergo intercropping with the crops like fodder trees, legumes etc. After the sowing process gets completed, the first irrigation does just by showering water on the soil. At the 50% irrigation level, the napier grass price would be $116.71 and $121.03 for variable and total cost, respectively. Super Napier grass which is scientifically a cross of Napier grass (Pennisetum purpureum) and Pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum). Cenchrus purpureus - Wikipedia Stem cuttings (3 nodes lengths) were placed in a sand and soil mix during the fall of 2009. Let's understand the performance and all the important points of HF cow and its milk. If the cross commodity breakeven price for peanuts (for example) is below the price received for peanuts, then napier grass (the comparison crop) provides higher net returns than peanuts. Thus, it is the best choice to get more benefits in terms of cost, space . There is no need to weed after that. An alternative method to address this is to estimate the price change for peanuts, cotton, and corn that would be required for equal returns of the peanut, cotton, corn production system to napier grass. It is native to Africa but is now grown in many tropical countries. However, since napier grass is a perennial with multi-year production cycle, the breakeven prices for napier grass must be also calculated relative to the peanut, cotton, corn rotation system and not just against each crop individually. For the plantation of Napier grass, there are two methods used: In this method, you need to first dig the field up to 20 centimetres wide and 20 centimetres deep by maintaining a distance of up to 90 centimetres in between the rows and a distance of 60 centimetres between the plants. The soft stem of the Napier grass makes it very simple for cutting. Part of Springer Nature. Pesticides, growth regulators, and defoliants were applied based on field scouting and best management recommendations. It was substituted for liquefied petroleum gas (LPG). Breakeven prices (cost per acre divided by yield) provide the prices at which production costs are covered for the given yield. Main varieties of hybrid Napier grass are, Pusa Giant, IGFRI 5, NB 21, NB 37, IGFRI 7 and IGFRI 10. . 1. The breakeven prices in the 100 and 50% irrigation levels were basically the same at approximately $69 and $90 per ton for variable and total cost (Table 5). Higher N rates are important in achieving high irrigated napier grass yields but K rates did not influence yield. Knoll et al. Irrigated yield were comparable to reported dry biomass yields of 16.4Mgha1 across five energy cane varieties with yield converted to a total farm area basis in Louisiana [4]. It can affect the growth of the plant and create rottenness in your plants. Read More BIHAR THUNDERSTORM | SAFETY MEASURES FOR FARMERSContinue, Read More Soybean Crop and CultivationContinue, Read More How To Control LEAF CURL VIRUS In Chilli?Continue, Read More Organic Farming : Myths and Facts Read or Miss OutContinue, Read More Farming System: Definition And Types Of Farming SystemContinue, Read More Insight On Cultivation Of Rice: From Sowing To HarvestingContinue, Your email address will not be published. These '^' shapes will help plants to get all the ingredients particularly without disturbing another one. BEST WAY TO ORGANIC FARMER. Napier grass, a C4 monocot with high biomass production with good drought tolerance, water use efficiency, and performance across a wide range of soil conditions, was shown to have advantages in terms of biomass production compared to Alamo switchgrass and giant miscanthus in the Coastal Plain region of Georgia [6,7,8]. The disease is mainly transmitted by plant and leaf hoppers and stem cuttings. The laboratory-based biogas plant and a biogas . The propagation of Napier grass can be done easily. Nitrogen was side-dressed in a single application at 82kgNha1 and other fertilizers were applied based on soil sample recommendations. For non-irrigated practices, the required breakeven price for peanuts was not reached during the 5-year period and twice during the 10-year period (Table 6). The crop of Napier grass will be sown mostly in the last week of February to the last week of August in India. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 145:1321, Article During the harvesting process, plants cut direct from their bottom portion of the stem but just above(2 to 3 inches) from the ground. Napier grass possesses many desirable characteristics, including high yield per unit area, tolerance to intermittent drought and high water use efficiency , making it a forage of choice. Peanuts were dug and inverted using a 2-row inverter and allowed to cure in the field to approximately 18% moisture content. Napier grass is known for its high biomass production (up to 78 tons of dry matter per hectare annually), year-round availability under limited irrigation, ability to withstand repeated cuttings . Higher than normal rain events during the summer and fall of 2013 caused major lodging and resulted in a less efficient harvest. If necessary, remove the second spell within 45 days. Don't use chemical or laboratory fertilizers in your fields, instead use organic compost. There should be a gap of at least 15 cm at the top of every pit. BioEnergy Res 5:206214, Article Napier grass was found to be more economically competitive with the peanut, cotton, corn cropping system in non-irrigated production than in irrigated production. The distance between the rows of the pits should be 60 centimetres. Yields are highest at the 100% irrigation level. The price required for napier grass to compete with the peanut, cotton, corn production system ranged from $99 to $121Mg1 with total costs included mainly dependent on irrigation rate. When viewed within irrigation levels, the partial net returns to N did not vary within any of the irrigation rates, but the returns were numerically higher at the 168 and 336kgha1 than the lower rate suggesting the higher rates will provide yield stability and provide marginally higher returns to N application at these rates. Navel - Sahiwal cow navel is 3-4 inches in size. The main reason is the significant cost of N at the application rates used in this study. Napier grass contains 30.9% total . Grazing should not be done directly to the animals. Agriculture Reviewaims to guide farmers and gardeners to excel in their work. Corn was produced on 330 thousand acres with a yield of 171 bushels per acre and a value of $194 million. Dairy farming animals produce milk more than average in comparison to other mixtures of green and dry fodder. Fodder Production Vikaspedia HF cow milk production is very high in comparison of desi Indian cows. Super Napier Grass price per kg. Number of Stems required to grow super napier crop is 10, 000 to 12,000 stems for an acre. Moreover, for the production of Napier grass, less water and nutrients are required. But, to get a very good yield which results in maximum returns, the sowing should be done by the end of February. Concerns related to reducing productive cropland for the production of biofuels are warranted and will continue into the future. Some people can't distinguish between Jersey and hf cows. Breakeven prices were lowest in the non-irrigated treatment at $64.85 for variable cost and $84.34 for total costs. Net returns were most influenced by irrigation, crop rotation sequence, and commodity price. super Napier yield in the natural irrigation is better. Hybrid Super Napier Grass Fast Growing And High Yielding 6 Years Yield On the first lactation, Hf cow produces 35 to 40 liters of milk per day for the next 2 months. When we talk about Hydroponic farming, we can relate it with eco-friendly methods of agriculture. Bioenerg Res 7:609619, Article However, estimates of napier grass yields and cost of production coupled with complete return analysis for peanut, corn, and cotton allow estimation of the price required for napier grass to equal profitability to other crops and the peanut, cotton, corn cropping system. Leave a stem length of 10 cm from the ground at harvesting. In India, Napier grass seeds per kg are about Rs . This is the method which gives very high yields of herbage even in the seasons which are dry. Though yield difference between the 100 and 50% irrigation levels was significant, added costs for applying irrigation were incurred. Perusal of table 1 revealed that majority of the beneficiaries (50%) observed the yield of 22 tons per acre. High Yield: 25 tons per acre and 8 harvests per year. Required fields are marked *. 11236 cuttings are required for planting per acre. Infected plants show thinner, shorter stems and produce few small size leaves. It is fast spreadin. Cost of production for energy cane was adopted from sugarcane budgets as agronomic practices and field operations for sugarcane and energy cane were similar providing a valuable platform for production costs on energy cane production in non-traditional areas [4, 5]. Marshall C. Lamb. But despite different types of soils, pH must be between 6.1 to 7.6. Super Napier Grass Farming | Fodder Grass Cultivation - YouTube After 25 to 30 days, weeding of spontaneous plants is necessary, otherwise, they can stop the growth of your crop. Full article: Effect of Planting Material and Variety on Productivity La Agicu 53(4):1011, Salassi ME, Brown K, Hilbun BM, Deliberto MA, Gravois KA, Mark TB, Falconer LL (2014) Farm-scale cost of producing perennial energy cane as a biofuel feedstock. Following 90 days to reach maturity, farmers get 20 tonnes per acre when wet, or 10 tonnes of dry matter. These horns are not so big but they are one of the signs to identify the Gir cow breed. We don't use soil in hydroponic farming. After 30 days we have to take the weeds. This is done so that the sprouting of grass will be done rapidly in order to cover the ground. In Thumbzika method of the plantation, again there are two types. Super Napier grass grows by cuttings of at least 2 nodes( mentioned above). 2011. Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative, Over 10 million scientific documents at your fingertips, Not logged in After this, watering should be done immediately. However, net returns associated with higher irrigation and nitrogen levels were basically the same because of the added costs. Napier grass is used in the pest management strategy as a pull crop which attracts the pests to come out of the plant. Now, the plantation has to be done along the contour line in order to control soil erosion. HF Cow and milk per day HF cows are not Indian but they are popular in India. The costs of equipment for biogas production from Napier grass were 112.9 US$; it was replaced LPG 282.8 US$/year. Generally, Napier grass can grow between 10 to 33 degrees Celcius, but more or less temperature affects their growth including a sudden change in seasonal conditions. Napier plant plays a major role in the production of biomass. 2014. Table 5 Napier grass breakeven price at variable and total production cost per ton and napier grass . Yield. Do you want to learn Napier grass cultivation, if yes then you are on the right page. Breakeven prices for napier grass ranged from $65 to $84Mg1 at variable and total costs. - 91.234.33.200. At the top end of the range, napier grasses have been shown to yield up to 80 dry tonnes per hectare per year, . Cut the young stems of the grass completely to a length of about 5 feet. Now start digging the roots and shoots which have been growing beneath the ground level. Per industry standards, final pod weight was obtained after grading by deducting foreign mature and adjusting to 7% moisture content for determining final yield. Protoplast production from napier grass and pearl millet triploid hybrids. Although the yield difference comparing the 100% and the 50% irrigation rate was much less at 8% (2281kgha1), significant differences resulted. Thus, producer objectives would drive irrigation level. You need to only feed up to 60 to 70 kilograms of the Napier grass which is fresh to a cow in a day. The quality is good with high calcium, magnesium and phosphorus and very low oxalate content. Merkeron was released by the University of Georgia in 1989 with improved yield potential and disease resistance and selected for this research because of the yield potential shown across irrigated and non-irrigated production regimes [9]. The longest leaf length. Corn varieties differed each year due to availability and consisted on P33M53RR2 (2011), P1814HR (2012), P1456HR (2013), and P1636YHR (2014 and 2015) (Pioneer Hi-Bred International, Inc., Johnston, IA). In this article I will guide you on complete details about Napier grass cultivation. Gir cow identity Head and body structure Gir cow head is quite different from other desi cow breeds. Stalker, (eds.). Peanut Sci 33:8592, USDA-ARS, National Peanut Research Laboratory, 1011 Forrester Dr., SE, Dawson, GA, 39842, USA, USDA-ARS, Crop Genetics and Breeding Research Unit, 115 Coastal Way, Tifton, GA, 31794, USA, USDA-ARS, Southeast Watershed Research Laboratory, 2316 Rainwater Road, Tifton, GA, 31794, USA, Timothy C. Strickland,Alisa W. Coffin&Oliva Pisani, You can also search for this author in Reduce the radius of the crops once every two to three years and maintain the size of the stem bar 3 * 2 feet. Plots consisted of 18 rows established on 0.91M spacing with a plot length of 18m long with a 3m border/buffer between treatments. The two irrigation levels were included in the study to better understand napier grass yield, quality, and economic response to irrigation rate. Napier grass cannot survive in the lands which are waterlogged and prone to floods. agrotec., 34 (5): 1219-1222: Touvin, H, 1989. With the grass yielding about 600 bales per acre in one season and you can harvest 4 times in an year.The 2400 bales of Brachiaria grass can generate about 720000 .A bale of Brachiaria grass is more expensive than boma Rhodes and sells at 400.Brachial gives 20 tonnes of green fodder per acre. 50 kg P and 50 kg K per hectare using urea (46% N), triple superphosphate, TSP (20% P) and muriate . In non-irrigated production regime napier grass was, however, more competitive. Do not practice napier grass cultivation in soggy soil. CAS After each harvest, 30 kg of nitrogen (65 kg of urea) will be given higher yield. In term of cost to maintain Napier grass was 77.4 US$ per year. A weighted system is used to average soil water potential over the 3 depths where the shallowest sensor carries 43% of the average compared to 32% at 0.4m and 25% at 0.6m. An average soil water potential of 50kPa will trigger irrigation [14, 15]. One tim, Some people get suddenly excited by hearing the thumbnail or profit margin that people claim in hydroponic farming. He created Agriculture Review as a common platform for all nature enthusiast to learn better practices of agriculture, gardening & shop quality products & services. Super Napier grass seeds price. First, you need to separate the soil at the top from the subsoil. The results provide the breakeven price points relative to recent historical prices required for consideration of napier grass compared to traditional rotations. Crop Sci 29:1327, Skevas T, Swinton SM, Tanner S, Sanford G, Thelen KD (2016) Investment Bioenergy Crops. Essentially, all US sugarcane is produced in Florida, Louisiana, and Texas totaling 26.9 million metric tons in 2012. As one would expect, dry matter yield per cut of King Napier grass ( Table 2) increased with increasing intervals between harvests, from 1,779 kg DM/ha/cut at 30 day interval to 4,683 kg DM/ha/cut . Napier grass which is scientifically called as Pennisetum purpureum is the one which has its origin in grasslands of Africa. The production costs used in this study were the average of these two studies with modifications specific to the implementation and management of production of napier grass in this study. For the pits which are rectangular, the pits should be dug at a depth of 60 centimetres and a width of 90 centimetres. But in the present time, things are changed. PDF Cultivation and utilization of Napier grass - KALRO Agron J 101(5):12341242, Balat M, Balat H (2009) Recent trends in global production and utilization of bio-ethanol fuel. Although Napier grass grows for the whole year, all seasons but they get affected by rapid change of seasons. Res. Fertilizer treatments were applied in April of each year over the entire three row plot. The economic competitiveness of napier grass (Pennisetum purpureum) compared to traditional cropping systems has not been addressed. The Napier grass has a very high production of biomass. Your seed/cutting must have at least 2 nodes, otherwise, your yield may not be in extra amount. Analysis of variance showed that irrigation level had a significant effect on partial net returns (P=0.0498). HF cow milk production per day in India The cow milk production depends on the lactation frequency. No farm level prices exist for napier grass so indirect methods to analyze economic competitiveness were employed that required the prices for the compared crops. Now in the round pits, plantation of about 10 cane cuttings should be done. In the sowing process, every cutting pinch deep inside the soil and just the upper part of the cutting opens towards the sky. Wet soil is preferred at the roots but you need to make sure that it is not stagnated. For example, significant costs were associated with road and ditch maintenance and pumping and water control in sugarcane production that were not applicable to the management practices employed in this research. Table 6 provides the yearly non-irrigated napier grass yield, breakeven napier grass price relative to the peanut, cotton, corn cropping system, and the breakeven price of each crop within the cropping system compared to napier grass. Producers should also consider the implications of the multi-year commitment of perennial crop production relative to the flexibility of altering annual cropping sequences as factors influencing net returns change. Crop, Forage, and Turfgrass Management. In this method, a specific kind of rooster is the primary choice for meat. Napier Grass Cultivation: Guide On Farming Of Napier Grass Cost for irrigation was based the actual irrigation applied each year at $50.2 per hectare-cm. Cropping systems in the coastal plain of Georgia primarily consist of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.), cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.), and corn (Zea mays L.). High leaf stem rate ; Durers (25 - 30 punches) and tilted. Yearly variations in rainfall between crops were attributable to planting and harvest date differences. Excess green feed can be preserved in the form of silage. It is almost between the front and back legs. Now mix 1 topsoil : 2 farmyard manure and place it in the pits. Utilizing a GIS-based approach to estimate production potential of three perennial grasses (giant miscanthus (Miscanthus giganteus), Merkeron napier grass (Pennisetum purpureum), and Alamo switchgrass (Panicum virgatum)), it was estimated that 2.29.4 Tg year1 of total biomass and 7783296 Ml year1 of ethanol could be produced annually on marginal lands (field borders and grassed waterways) in the Coastal Plain Region of Georgia. Lorem Ipsum is simply dummy text of the printing. Feasibility of Biogas Production from Napier Grass Nitrogen (28-0-0-5) was side-dressed twice for a yearly total of 235kgNha1 and potassium, phosphorous, and minor elements were applied based on recommended rates from soil analysis. Breakeven yield and price provide the yield and price point at which costs of production are covered for a specific crop [19]. When plants appear 15 cm and just more from the ground level, first composting can apply to the plants. Plantation of many numbers of rows maintaining a space of at least 3 feet should be done in between the rows. Plough the land with help of tractors or whatever method you want to. When you take first harvesting, then composting is required to apply on plants just after getting the same height of first composting and so on. Napier plant with smutted tillers (initial symptom). Other napier varieties at optimum guarantee 16 tonnes wet and eight tonnes dry. Super Napier grass even can recover the 30 to 40% amount of less dry fodder. 2. It is not developed for layer egg farming. United States is the number one country which holds the maximum number of poultry farms globally. Corn was planted at 6.5 seeds m1. The average price of Super Napier grass per kg is $0.75. The cost for the N rates of 84, 168, and 336kgha1 were $93, $168, and $336 per hectare, respectively. Two of the nodes of the grass are being buried in the soil and one node will be above the ground level. Using iron plought, two to five feet deep or about 15 to 30 cm ploughing should be done deeply. According to statista.com report, there were more than 23.7 billion chickens in the world in 2019. The Napier grass leaves and shoots which are young are considered edible and they are also used to make stews and even soups. To address this, partial budget analysis was utilized. In an existing cropping system, a portion of depreciation on existing equipment could be paid out whereas equipment required for a new crop alternative would have to be purchased and fully depreciated. Using a similar approach and assumptions, a study in Florida concluded that the total variable costs of production for energy cane was $1836ha1 with fixed costs of $309ha1 [5]. Napier grass does not grow properly in the areas where there is waterlogging. Interest and focus on development of renewable biofuels has been increasing over the past decade leading to the introduction of a wide cadre of renewable feedstocks. The napier grass breakeven prices ($ Mg1) were obtained by dividing the cost per hectare (including land rent) by the dry matter yield. Data on production costs of napier grass, sugarcane, or energycane in the coastal plain region of Georgia are not available. The distance between the pits should be at least 90 centimetres. 2005. The objectives of this research are twofold: (1) address the yield response of napier grass under varying irrigation levels and fertility treatments and (2) incorporate existing data on cost of production coupled with irrigated and non-irrigated yield trial data for napier grass, peanut, corn, and cotton to address napier grass profitability relative to a peanut, corn, and cotton cropping system. Although the establishment of Napier grass is labour intensive, planting three-node cuttings will ensure high survival rates, sustained high dry matter production and a high number of Napier grass planting material (Table 3). Your email address will not be published. Packchong1 is the official name of Super Napier grass. Although yield increases were associated with increasing N rates in the irrigated regimes, partial budget analysis for N rates showed no difference in net returns to N rates (P=0.4217). Differences in napier grass yield resulted between the irrigation rates and the non-irrigated yield (Table 3). Treatments were arranged in randomized complete block design that included four replicates under three irrigation levels. The first harvesting of Super Napier grass does after 60 to 70 days. They sow as a plant to plant distance should be 2 feet and row to row distance should be 2 feet. 9:587600, Hanna WW, Chaparro CJ, Mathews BW, Burns JC, Sollenberger LE, Carpenter JR (2004) Perennial Pennisetums. Though significant modifications to budgets were required due to differing production practices, costs per Mg were comparable to previous studies. Don't cut the fully grown plants directly on the level of the surface at the time of harvesting. The soils which are light loamy and sandy are most preferred and heavy soils are not much encouraged for the growth of Napier grass. BEST WAY TO ORGANIC FARMER. Cut a mature stem of Napier grass. Helsel. Merkeron napier grass plots were established in 2010 and harvested during crop years 2011 through 2015 adjacent to an on-going peanut, corn, and cotton cropping systems study. 2009 demonstrated the importance of yield on breakeven prices for switchgrass produced on four differing soil types in Tennessee with breakeven prices ranging from $46Mg1 (17.7Mgha1 yield) to $69Mg1 (8.5Mgha1 yield) concluding that breakeven prices were influenced by yield, N price, and fuel prices [19]. Before starting the cultivation of Napier grass, plough the field and harrow it very well. Then for the next 8 to 10 months, she produces milk, and rest of 1.5 to 2 months she rests. It is a tall, stout and deep-rooted perennial bunch grass . Advantages of Napier Grass: Since no prices are established for napier grass, the breakeven prices for peanut, cotton, and corn were calculated individual and as a cropping system to address napier grass competitiveness. Napier grass | Diseases and Pests, Description, Uses, Propagation . Field research was conducted at the USDA/ARS National Peanut Research Laboratorys Multi-crop Irrigation Research Farm in Shellman, GA, USA (84 36 W, 30 44 N) on a Greenville fine sandy loam (fine, kaolinitic, thermic Rhodic Kandiudults). Don't fill irrigation water more than 2 inches when the plant becomes 20 cm long. Even in the abundance of water and salty water the yield is not too low. Nitrogen and potassium costs were $1.10 and $0.75 per kilogram, respectively. Elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum) | Feedipedia One acre of Napier grass planted by the conventional method can give enough feed for 1 to 2 dairy cows for one year Agric. Guide to Plant, Harvest and Feed the Super Napier This will incluces germination positively.The stem at interval of 60 cms gab. This method gives good results than the conventional one. 4 Utilisation Chop the harvested Napier grass and desmodium to reduce wastage while feeding to animals. We assume that the crop mix is equally balanced with peanut, cotton, and corn for comparison with napier grass. The average Sahiwal cow weight is 450 kg. This method provides more intuitive price comparisons for these traditional crops because the markets are established and prices are consistently reported. Mooney et al. Economic Competitiveness of Napier Grass in Irrigated and - Springer The infected plants typically have small yellow leaves and short internodes. Do not graze animals directly on Napier grass. The 5-year (20112015) average price in Georgia for peanuts, corn, and cotton was used in this study at $545.11Mg1, $1.71kg1, and $223.93Mg1, respectively [11]. Each and every seedling has to be separated from the clump. For milk-producing animals, Super Napier grass is highly recommended to increase milk production. Energy cane, high-fiber sugarcane, has been identified as a potential warm-season alternative for bioenergy production in the Southeast because of higher yield potential and similar production practices and equipment requirements for production, harvesting, and transportation used in sugarcane production [3, 4]. Economic analysis of napier grass production in riparian buffer zones and non-cropped areas will be addressed in the future. The grass grows tall and forms large clumps like bamboo. To address this further, recent historical prices for peanut, cotton, and corn were used to determine the number of years in which napier grass would economically compete against each crop within the peanut, cotton, corn cropping system. It has the ability to withstand repeated cutting and will rapidly regenerate, producing palatable leafy shoots [4]. 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