Lighting outlet, switch and duplex outlet within each elevator pit. A hoist beam must be installed in the hoistway overhead as per drawing requirements for elevator construction and maintenance. 6 technical grades of fuel oil; other residual fuel oils (including Navy Special Fuel Oil and Bunker C); and other fuels when used as substitutes for one of these fuel oils. Steel, zinc plated, box, To maintain a healthy and strong foundation, prevent the deterioration from water damage. Beginning with the SPS 318 code effective January 1, 2009, the ASME A17.1 has required only elevator electrical equipment to be NEMA Type 4. Informational Note No. Web Which locations require sepa-rate, dedicated branch circuits Which branch circuits are not to be provided with ground fault circuit interrupter (GFC pro- tectionWhich locations ust have one orWhere ore dupleovercurrent receptaclesprotection for hoistway, pit and achine- rooow lightingunsupported ust be locatedlengths of traveling cables The fire service access elevator symbol shall be not less than 3 inches (76 mm) in height. 3. not less than 7 ft (2.13m) when the CSA approved Lighting outlet and switch locations must meet the Citys requirements in effect at the time the wiring was installed. WebInstall a pit drain, if the elevator is provided with firefighters emergency operation Each pit receptacle shall be a GFCI type (except for sump pumps) Permanent lighting shall be installed in the pit, with an illumination of not less than 100 lx at the pit floor The pit light shall be provided with a guard Required lighting shall not be connected to the load side of a, The lighting switch shall be so located as to be, At least one 125-volt, single-phase, 15- or 20-ampere duplex. The most common elevator pit is 3 to 5 feet deep and accessed via the hoistway door on the lowest level of travel for the elevator. Our directories are updated monthly and include website links to help you quickly find your elevator code authority for your state ADA Elevator Code Requirements. cover and guard The number of elevators available for occupant evacuation shall be determined based on an egress analysis that addresses one of the following scenarios: A minimum of one elevator in each bank shall be designated for occupant evacuation. Steel, zinc plated, box and cover and guard Conveyors and conveying systems shall comply with ASME B20.1. Run/Stop in 1/2 raised letters RACO 1-Gang standard box Conveyors and related equipment within the scope of ASME B20.1. A fused 120 VAC, 15 Amp, single phase, disconnect to each controller for cab lighting. Push to Stop / Pull to Run WebNEMA 4X - 4/12 Car Bottom/Pit Light and GFCI Receptacle - 722-305 C.J. Suction outlet means the opening or fitting through which the water under negative pressure is drawn from the pool or spa. Elevator hoistway openings and enclosed elevator lobbies shall be provided in accordance with the following: Elevator hoistway door openings shall be protected in accordance with, Elevator lobbies shall be provided with at least one, The building shall be equipped throughout with an, The sprinkler system shall have a sprinkler control valve supervisory switch and water-flow-, Means for elevator shutdown in accordance with, The fire service access elevator hoistway shall be located in a, The fire service access elevator hoistway enclosure shall comply with Sections. ? !hCx&?,A1 =H lz}FfNrfv(/`)Ic7@P"Eo-CpSdhfSRN tRL1o`THaZ? Elevator pits: 10 fc minimum at floor level everywhere. Pit sump outlet is non gfi and a simplex outlet 620.85. Radiation area means any area, accessible to individuals, in which radiation levels could result in an individual receiving a dose equivalent in excess of 0.05 mSv (0.005 rem) in 1 hour at 30 centimeters from the source of radiation or from any surface that the radiation penetrates. WebElevators provided with emergency or standby power shall meet requirements of: A17.1, 2.27.2. Temporary power must meet the specified power requirements. 304 0 obj <>/Filter/FlateDecode/ID[<138F3281CA21944FAB9F0708B73762A6><47202711D01C3D4C937EAEEEDD12565D>]/Index[286 31]/Info 285 0 R/Length 89/Prev 195021/Root 287 0 R/Size 317/Type/XRef/W[1 2 1]>>stream 2. Provide continuous, non -slip, horizontal rungs every 12 for the full height of the pit ladder. 20. This chapter governs the design, construction, installation. 680.23 (mechanical room) and 680.24 (pit) both state they require a seperate branch circuit for the lights and recep in each of those locations. From that statement, I would read it as you need a seperate circuit for each. 2: See 620.6 for ground-fault circuit-interrupter requirements. An elevator pit (or lift pit) is a space located just below the ground floor. Steel, zinc plated, box, Modular building means, but shall not be limited to, single and multifamily houses, apartment. The Safety Code for Elevators Full building evacuation where the analysis demonstrates that the number of elevators provided for evacuation results in an evacuation time less than 1 hour. Provide a light and receptacle in elevator pit. Pit receptacle must be GFI and the Light Must NOT be on the load side of gfi. WebCOMMERCIAL ELEVATOR / ESCALATOR / DUMBWAITER / VERTICAL PLATFORM LIFT / INCLINED PLATFORM LIFT / MATERIAL LIFT / LULA / CONVEYANCE PLAN REVIEW REQUIREMENTS ADOPTED CODES EFFECTIVE 1/1/2022: ASME A17.1 2019 Safety Code for Elevators and Escalators ASME A18.1 2017 Safety Standards for Vertical hbbd``b`+`@ $@# lAJV/Hc`bd\24?o 3 Something also about the lighting not on the load side of a GFI. By using this website, you agree to our use of cookies. ASME A17.1/CSA B44-2019: Safety Code For Elevators And Escalators serves as a basis for the design, construction, installation, operation, testing, inspection, maintenance, alteration, and repair of elevators, dumbwaiters, escalators, moving walks, and material lifts. Lighting outlet, switch and duplex outlet within each elevator pit. Just my opinion. i.e. Fallen items from passengers and dust and debris from regular elevator use tend to accumulate in one place the elevator pit. Not fewer than one audible and one visible notification appliance shall be installed within each occupant evacuation elevator lobby. WebFor installations of new elevators, the elevator contractor and general contractor must complete and submit this form to the address provided above at least two business days prior to an acceptance inspection. Requirements were modified for increased door protection on passenger elevators. receptacle is required if a sump pump is furnished. A G.F.I. Thank you nap for the answer. Pa. elevator rooms,pits ect.are required to beGFI protected. Protecting its foundation is an essential part of maintaining your elevator in excellent condition, safe and smooth for passengers. Come join the discussion about trade knowledge, tools, certifications, wiring, builds, scales, reviews, accessories, classifieds, and more! G Offsets or recess within the hoistway greater than 4 inches shall be tapered to not less than 75 degrees. JavaScript is disabled. Web3. WebA separate branch circuit shall supply the hoistway pit lighting and receptacle ( s ). According to a police interview with Flug, the van was travelling in excess of eighty miles per hour as it noted. Food-contact surface means those surfaces of equipment and utensils with which food normally comes in contact, and those surfaces from which food may drain, drip, or splash back onto surfaces normally in contact with food. Doors, other than hoistway doors and the elevator car door, shall be prohibited at the point of access to an elevator car unless such doors are readily openable from the car side without a key, tool, special knowledge or effort. Informational Note No. "It has been over 10 years since 120 volt electrical in sprinklered pits had to be NEMA Type 4. We do elevator pit waterproofing,elevator pit cleaning,elevator pit services,liquid waste removal,liquid waste transport,liquid waste disposal,hoistway cleaning,machine room cleaning,sumppump removal, andsumppump replacement. hb```f``z AX,V9|``{/L#;y|=Xbo\;d8-H0 endstream endobj startxref This UFC was developed to provide the authority having jurisdiction (AHJ) with consistent K(Ws4IWD3Fi-o?5mlxY\S`8][(Y4Cr6Yy9&cTr+/8(FW9Lj!mtt8[ 4 0 obj 316 0 obj <>stream 2 0 obj Wire Harness Box Build Assembly Inductor Moulded Cable Assembly Aerospace Wire Harness Magnetics Inductors Box Build Assembly Laser Marking for Cables Medical Transformers Toroidal E & I Medical Isolation SMPS UI Wire Harness Box Build Assembly Audio Line Matching Transformers Volume Controller Audio Line Conditioner 531 0 obj <>/Filter/FlateDecode/ID[<359E17D4B41B474E90AC4824BB01974C>]/Index[510 32]/Info 509 0 R/Length 105/Prev 230632/Root 511 0 R/Size 542/Type/XRef/W[1 3 1]>>stream 15. The overcurrent device protecting the branch circuit shall be located in the elevator machine room or control room/machinery space or control space. Most comprehensive library of legal defined terms on your mobile device, All contents of the lawinsider.com excluding publicly sourced documents are Copyright 2013-. Lighting outlet at ceiling shall be provided with 4 octagonal box ga. UNDERFLOOR SPACE ( CRAWL SPACE ) Lighting outlet 60 VAConvenience outlet 100 VA UNFINISHED BASEMENT OR LOWER LEVEL Ceiling fixture outlet (per 200 sf) 100 VAConve nience outlet 150 VA GARAGE Ceiling fixture outlet (per car space) 100 VA Convenience receptacle (per car space) 300 VA Overhead door motor receptacle 300 VA DETACHED GARAGE, if wired,this section shall apply. However, 210.52 (A) provides requirements for receptacle outlets. WebRequirements for elevator hoistway pit lighting and receptacles are located in Section 620.24. hb```Y, cb=s;,j(IG9Y[s3v~ T WE2x@, O1[3*10`I6Xw ^>k7-pL*ev8^!@d Florida Standard for Passive Radon-Resistant Construction, Appendix C Florida Standard for Mitigation of Radon in Existing Buildings, Appendix E Florida Standard for Radon-Resistant New Commercial Construction, Appendix L Earthquake Recording Instrumentation, Appendix M Tsunami-Generated Flood Hazard. light switch accesible from bottom terminal landing opening or from pit access door opening. Conveyors and related equipment connecting successive floors or levels shall be enclosed with, Power-operated conveyors, belts and other material-moving devices shall be equipped with, Personnel and material hoists shall be designed utilizing an, Elevator machine rooms, machinery spaces that contain the driving machine, and control rooms or spaces that contain the operation or motion controller for elevator operation shall be provided with an independent, The elevator machine room, control rooms or control space with openings into a pressurized elevator hoistway shall be pressurized upon activation of a, Elevator machine rooms, control rooms, control spaces and machinery spaces outside of but attached to a hoistway that have openings into the hoistway shall be enclosed with, Where elevator hoistways, elevator machine rooms, control rooms and control spaces containing elevator control equipment are protected with. NO other conduits, ductwork etc can run through equip. The ladder is to be non-combustible and located near the jamb side of the hoistway door, the rungs are to have a cle a rance of not less than 4 1/2 inches, spaced 12 inches apart and not less than 1 6 inches wide per ASME A17.1 Water Meter means any apparatus for measuring or showing the volume of water supplied to, or of effluent discharged from any premises; Connector means the device that provides mechanical connection and disconnection of high voltage electrical conductors to a suitable mating component including its housing.". REQUIRED PIT LIGHT The required pit lighting shall not be connected to the load side of the GFCI per NFPA 70 620-24. Lets say you drop some loose change down the crack of an elevator lift, where does it go? They are very strict with the Elevator shaft and machine room here. 10. below the sill of the pit access door (lowest hoistway door or separate pit access door), a fixed vertical ladder of noncombustible material, located within reach of the access door.The ladder is permitted to be retractable or nonretractable. The minimum width and required capacity of a means of egress ramp shall be not less than that required for corridors by Section 1020.2. Network Area means the 50 mile radius around the local school campus the Named Insured is attending. RACO 1-Gang standard box Do not rely on just anyone to go into your elevator pit. Elevator Industry Resource Directory. Separate branch circuits are required for the pit lighting and the receptacles. A moving walk, which is a type of passenger-carrying device on which passengers stand or walk and in which the passenger-carrying surface remains parallel to its direction of motion and is uninterrupted. Lighting outlet for post lamp shall be water tight and with spherical clear glass cover with metal guard.O.3.6 Plates a. Sometimes things turn out to be only as good as their foundation. cogeneration means the simultaneous generation in one process of thermal energy and electrical or mechanical energy; Kitchen means a food preparation area that includes a sink, refrigerator and a microwave oven or stove. <> {g?'u*`*WY_z~q__|/EFWyq"'*ZJ/w@z\R}8T]}'_@Kd%(_K1TtE-UiKF6GkPT'WWFD,$|/4fM~_W(?_yB3{L2UjexZT(PPCu 2|"/&a%1lTTe}eqskF6vn9)uq'T9a=S?w9]}wSr@|S+; ;-fkg'_=jVw}?jl6i;8ZkRK7u#KGP]BkX {jVbzfiUmG}ARJz2B&dt_A]9\:L p]P{@,^ .#>M%uR5*f#+RUir_/|gN`X{['#Z Xo-j6iq4R>)o\Pn sISKn39R4d6K*() !-qh=WsJ(SNwi3k t&n4G,d!WPg*qVJl#v/5(+ Is everything in the elev. WebIn multiple dwelling units, owners are mandated to notify residents if an elevator will be out of service during planned construction or if the elevators are expected to be out of service for two or more hours. (C) Duplex Receptacle. Elevator ventilation systems have been altered many times through code cycles and often require modification as part of a modernization. endstream endobj startxref This pit, although not usually visible to passengers, plays an essential role in effortlessly getting you to your next floor. Web19. The light switch shall be so located as to be accessible from the pit ladder or access door. Locate per layout. Luminaires must be lensed or equipped with wire guards to protect the lamps. w gE2y >x Evacuation of the five consecutive floors with the highest cumulative, The occupant evacuation elevator lobby floor. Specifically article 620.23 and 620.24. D. Separate disconnect for balustrade lighting, comb plate heater and pit/truss heaters. gfci and the pit. %PDF-1.6 % light switch and convenience outlet (110v ac) in elevator pit. Elevators in television and radio towers. This section applies to all new elevators in a private residence. Ddz96yM`$3+w nn 2`i2G>oAu. Run/Stop steel switch guard Heavy Duty OSLO rocker switch Where the standby power source is not of sufficient capacity to operate all elevators at the same time, all elevators shall transfer to standby power in sequence, return to the designated landing and disconnect from the standby power source. Model I didn't assume that the OP knew that after reading his post. Industrial trucks within the scope of ASME B56. If the closed and locked contacts of the landing locks are open while the car is not in the unlocking. %%EOF The following ASME A17.1 and ASME A17.3 rules are hereby amended to read as follows: Rule 3.11.3 of ASME A17.3 is amended to read as follows: All newly installed underground hydraulic pressure cylinders shall be encased in outer plastic containment to minimize electrolytic corrosion between the metal cylinder and ground cathode. GFCI TYPE RECEPTACLE If swinging hoistway doors and car gates are used between the hoistway door and the car gate must reject a 4-inch-diameter sphere at all points. Anderson & Company READY TO ORDER? 589 0 obj <>stream hbbd```b`` "VHF_"\`@0LIU0{4Adcd\u "#ALw?&F^@A@ 0 GG Suitable 110V service in the hoistway, midway of travel (see layout) or connected to terminals in elevator controller for car light service (elevator contractors An enclosed elevator lobby shall be provided at each floor to separate the elevator hoistway, Additional doors shall be provided at each elevator hoistway door opening in accordance with, The elevator hoistway shall be pressurized in accordance with, Where a fire service access elevator has two entrances onto a floor, the second entrance shall be permitted to open into an elevator lobby in accordance with. If swinging hoistway doors and folding car doors are used and both doors are in the fully closed position, the space between the hoistway door and the folding door must reject a 4-inch-diameter sphere at all points. Switch 1NC, 10A 600VAC, 5A 250VDC. If swinging or horizontally sliding hoistway doors and manual horizontally sliding car doors are used and both doors are in the fully closed position, the space between the swinging or horizontally sliding hoistway door and the manual horizontally sliding car doors must reject a 4-inch-diameter sphere at all points. Pit. endobj A Veteran - whether active duty, retired, guard or reserve - is someone who, at one point in his life, wrote a blank check made payable to "The United States of America," for an amount of "up to and including my life. Shopping cart means those push carts of the type or types which are commonly provided by grocery stores, drug stores or other retail mercantile establishments for the use of the public in transporting commodities in stores and markets and, incidentally, from the stores to a place outside the store. Elevator ventilation systems have been altered many times through code cycles and often require modification as part of a modernization. My boss said I could share a circuit with the rm. Except as otherwise provided for in this code, the design, construction, installation, STANDARDS FOR ELEVATORS AND CONVEYING SYSTEMS AND COMPONENTS, Passenger elevators are required to be accessible by the, An inclined or vertical wheelchair lift, which is a device used to transport wheelchair handicapped persons over architectural, Elevator, dumbwaiter and other hoistway enclosures shall be, Openings in hoistway enclosures shall be protected as required in, Hardware on opening protectives shall be of an. hl Firewood means wood cut to lengths less than four feet long. Web1012.5.1Width and capacity. WebA light for the pit shall be located so as to provide 10 fc lighting for the area. Not fewer than two shall be provided in each occupant evacuation elevator lobby where more than one elevator opens into the lobby. Cables used for survivability of required. WebTake a look at two separate requirements: one for receptacles and the other for receptacle outlets. Each elevator car interior must have a support rail on at least one, The inside surface of support rails must be 1, A bench or seat may be installed on the rear. Switch 1NO, 20A 120/277VAC, Model PS3L rm, and pit.light in the pit.smoke detector no more than 18" from sprinkler head in pit and head, and one in the equip room.elevator F.A. RACO 1-Gang standard box These are the individual branch circuits required for car lighting, receptacles, auxiliary lighting and ventilation on each elevator car; individual branch circuits for machine-room and similar location lighting and receptacle; and branch circuits for hoistway pit lighting and receptacle(s). When the elevators are capable of operating on generator standby power, connect all WebPermanent single phase and permanent or temporary three phase power must be available for elevator equipment installation. That applies to elevator electrical equipment like buffer switches, governor tailweight switches, etc. 286 0 obj <> endobj Web Per the latest National Electrical Code, all receptacles installed in machine rooms, machinery and control spaces, and pits must have Ground Fault Circuit Interrupter Protection (GFCI). Thank you again. Glass in elevator enclosures shall comply with. Equipment for feeding or positioning materials at machine tools and printing presses. This trash mixes with water that commonly enters the pit as it is the lowest part of the building, creating a puddle of waste water. Most elevator pits contain at least mechanical and electrical hazards. When you purchase through links on our site, we may earn an affiliate commission, which supports our community. High radiation area means an area, accessible to individuals, in which radiation levels from radiation sources external to the body could result in an individual receiving a dose equivalent in excess of one mSv (0.1 rem) in one hour at 30 centimeters from any source of radiation or 30 centimeters from any surface that the radiation penetrates. The lighting switch shall be located so as to be readily accessible from the pit access door. Not really needed in an elevator mechanical room. Coordinate location with elevator contractor. you need two circuits. A17.1, 2.1.6. Lighting circuits shall comply with the requirements of Article 410. Provide one additional non-GFCI convenience outlet in pit for sump pump. The average elevator carries 20,000 people per year. The neck of the plastic casing shall have a means of inspection provided to monitor the annulus between the pressurized hydraulic cylinder and the protective plastic casing. Maintained in both positions WebInstall permanent light fixture in each elevator pit with illumination of not less than 100 lx (10 fc) as measured at the pit floor. WebThe lock on existing pit access doors may be omitted under any of the following: 1. running when the door is open. Lighting outlet and switch locations must meet the Washington require- ments in effect at the time the wiring was installed. endstream endobj 511 0 obj <. %%EOF The height of the hoistway shall be measured from the, Protection of elevator hoistway door openings is not required where the elevator serves only, Protection of elevator hoistway door openings is not required at the level(s) of. xZYoH~7GrQ +,I&<8y%&VWDY_?UMi;Uu|Uf[lxs]2ww>9=g^f7?=a^1OIsOdqzypzr_m".2` The fire service access elevator shall open into a fire service access elevator lobby in accordance with Sections, Where a fire service access elevator is required, a 1-hour fire-rated fire service access elevator lobby with, The fire service access elevator lobby shall have, The fire service access elevator lobby shall be enclosed with a, Other than doors to the hoistway, elevator control room or elevator control space, each doorway to a fire service access elevator lobby shall be provided with a, Regardless of the number of fire service access elevators served by the same elevator lobby, the enclosed fire service access elevator lobby shall be not less than 150 square feet (14 m. A pictorial symbol of a standardized design designating which elevators are fire service access elevators shall be installed on each side of the hoistway door frame on the portion of the frame at right angles to the fire service access elevator lobby. When fire-fighters' emergency operation is active, the entire height of the hoistway shall be illuminated at not less than 1 footcandle (11 lux) as measured from the top of the car of each fire service access elevator. That means for the average building with an elevator, at least 54 people are relying on this piece of equipment to help them get to their next floor. Each symbol shall be not less than 78 inches (1981 mm), and not more than 84 inches (2134 mm) above the finished floor at the threshold. ____ - REQUIRED PIT LIGHT---The required pit lighting shall not be connected to the load side of the GFCI per NFPA 70 620-24. Tiered or piling machines used to move materials to and from storage located and operating entirely within one. (vii) Add the definition platform guard (toe guard or apron) between pit elevator and plunger (ram) to read as follows: Platform Guard (Toe Guard or Apron) Status of each elevator car with respect to whether it is occupied. Not more than four elevator cars shall be located in any single hoistway enclosure. At least one duplex receptacle must be provided in each elevator pit. Electrical equipment means underground equipment that contains dielectric fluid that is necessary for the operation of equipment such as transformers and buried electrical cable. If it is possible for a user to detach or disconnect either door from the operator and such detachment or disconnection allows the user to operate the door manually, the requirement in subparagraph 5 applies. This section does not apply to elevators restricted by key or similar device to a limited number of persons in a building that has an elevator that otherwise meets the requirements of this section or to elevators used only for the transportation of freight. Trust a team whos knowledgeable and consistent with their results. NFPA 72-A17.4.10. stream I maybe helpful at times but I'm also lazy when working for free. hb```5Jw@9:@9lRgl.g8:LHC1& The Fora platform includes forum software by XenForo. yes and it must be on its own circuit. stream Where an elevator is installed in a single blind hoistway or on the outside of a building, there shall be installed in the blind portion of the hoistway or blank face of the building, an emergency door in accordance with. 20. heat and product of combustion sensors located in each elevator lobby with necessary wiring to elevator controller when fire service is specified. Safety steel ball lock pin with 7" chain room or shaft ceilingalso a dedicated phone line, All your questions can be answered by reading article 620. Lighting outlet for post lamp shall be water tight and with spherical clear glass cover with metal guard.O.3.6 Plates a. WebThe lock on existing pit access doors may be omitted under any of the following: 1. running when the door is open. Steel, zinc plated, box Very high radiation area means an area, accessible to individuals, in which radiation levels from radiation sources external to the body could result in an individual receiving an absorbed dose in excess of 5 Gy (500 rad) in one hour at one meter from a source of radiation or one meter from any surface that the radiation penetrates. 2. WebFor lighting and ground fault circuit interrupter (GFCI) receptacles: 120 V, one-phase, three-wire, 60 Hz terminating at the escalator controller location. WebFor pits greater than 35 inches in depth, a pit ladder is requ ired with a handrail at least 48 inches above the landing. WebThere shall be installed in the pit of each elevator, where the pit extends more than 900 mm (35 in.) WebAt least one 125-volt, single-phase, 15- or 20-ampere duplex receptacle shall be provided in the hoistway pit. Switch 1NO, 20A 120/277VAC, Model PS2L =i?L0U22k0]1W!,aOD#?s>} s*ff`[7^yt 20 'O WebThe majority of elevators require an elevator pit below the first floor landing. This foundation, similar to being the elevators operating system, is below ground in what is called the elevator pit, a part of the elevator not many people are familiar with. Tvzt{A . The fire service access elevator symbol shall be designed as shown in Figure 3007.6.5 and shall comply with the following: The fire service access elevator shall be continuously monitored at the. Also the Machine room receptacle must be GFI and on its own circuit. Semitrailer means every vehicle without motive power designed for carrying persons or property and for being drawn by a motor vehicle and constructed so that some part of its weight and its load rests or is carried by another vehicle. The clear width of a ramp between handrails, if provided, or other permissible projections shall be This pit is constructed to house the base of the elevator rails, the jack hole and the piston, as well as the impact equipment for the cab. 0 0 We also put a light and outlet in the shaft as well, more often than not they have a sump pit. Hoistways and Pits. When an application for modernization has been filed, notices must be posted at least ten business days before work begins. <>/XObject<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB/ImageC/ImageI] >>/MediaBox[ 0 0 612 792] /Contents 4 0 R/Group<>/Tabs/S/StructParents 0>> Switch to be accessible from pit access. Machinery expected to carry this load everyday and continuously perform at peak safety, must rely on a strong foundation to help everything flow as a whole system. :thumbup: I hope so RK. The performance language used in the codes results in a multitude of different, and often conflicting, interpretations. Steel, zinc plated, box