d. 90 percent. d. the United States. A further example of racialization is the concept of stereotype threat, explained by Claude Steele (2010), when stereotyped individuals, for example, African-American students, are aware of negative stereotypes about their cognitive abilities, tend to experience added pressure to fend off a judgment about their group, and about themselves as members of that group (p. 54). Its worth noting that race, in this sense, is also a system of labeling that provides a source of identity; specific labels fall in and out of favor during different social eras. c. 65% b. emotion work. c. 49 Except where otherwise noted, textbooks on this site Sexualities have specific social, cultural, and historical meanings and interpretations. 6. unique voices from people of color. The __________ refers to society's tendency to discourage males from expressing emotion, weakness, or vulnerability, or asking for help. Christina was not hired for the job when her potential employers found out she had three small children. In the ______ , the United States made it illegal to discriminate in wages or employment on the basis of sex. This refers to whether the audience for our performance understands our actions as we have intended for them to be understood. a. We can examine issues of race and ethnicity through five different sociological perspectives: functionalism, conflict theory, symbolic interactionism, intersection theory, and critical race theory. d. manual labor. 25 a. employment policies. d. Intersexuality, Understanding Social Problems Practice Test C, Anderson's Business Law and the Legal Environment, Comprehensive Volume, David Twomey, Marianne Jennings, Stephanie Greene, Operations Management: Sustainability and Supply Chain Management, John David Jackson, Patricia Meglich, Robert Mathis, Sean Valentine, Elliot Aronson, Robin M. Akert, Samuel R. Sommers, Timothy D. Wilson, Unit 1 - Qualifications Required for . a. will engage in the traditional division of household labor? 1. Which of the following statements about school and gender is true? b. gender role ideology. A study of 200 "topselling" children's picture books found a. based on biological sex differences. Women are more likely to be unemployed compared to men. For example, if we want to understand prejudice, we must understand that the prejudice focused on a White woman because of her gender is very different from the layered prejudice focused on an Asian woman in poverty, who is affected by stereotypes related to being poor, being a woman, and her ethnic status. We also acknowledge previous National Science Foundation support under grant numbers 1246120, 1525057, and 1413739. c. women tend to choose traditionally female jobs. b. live about the same number of years as women. How can racism and discrimination contribute positively to society? An example of this might be an individual whose beliefs about a particular group are based on images conveyed in popular media, and those are unquestionably believed because the individual has never personally met a member of that group. c. genderized poverty. https://openstax.org/books/introduction-sociology-3e/pages/1-introduction, https://openstax.org/books/introduction-sociology-3e/pages/11-2-theoretical-perspectives-on-race-and-ethnicity, Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, Describe how major sociological perspectives view race and ethnicity, Identify examples of culture of prejudice. d. little recourse in the face of unreasonable demands. c. Women's socialization better qualifies them to understand, teach, nurse, and physically care for children. c. Hispanic and black female-headed households Finally, when examining the unique voices of color element, it should be understood that people of color contribute distinct ideas, perspectives, and experiences that whites are unlikely to know (Delgado & Stefancic, p. 9). c. occupational sex segregation b. a. the masculine overcompensation thesis. All of the following EXCEPT ____________ are core values of the ManKind Project. b. language a. a secret handshake that is known only among gay boys and men. a. pinkcollar jobs b. institutional sexism. c. a female perceived to be dishonoring her religion. If we pay attention to the multiplicity of social life, perhaps our institutions and arrangements will better address the problems that plague us (Delgado & Stefancic, 2001, p. 56). The _________ hypothesis argues that women are paid less because the work they perform is socially defined as less valuable than the work performed by men. home simultaneously. According to symbolic interactionists, gender assignment begins The idea that gender inequality comes from the division of labor fits with which Sociological theory? Women earn approximately half of doctorate degrees in the U.S. Feminists argue that conceptions of gender are. According to symbolic interactionists, gender assignment begins. the 10-year percent return? One conversational partner can conform to the expectations of the other, he or she can ignore certain incidents, or he or she can solve apparent problems. Which perspective argues that when income or occupation is inconsistent with traditional gender roles, individuals . Another way to apply the interactionist perspective is to look at how people define their race(s) and the race of others. In 2012, full-time working women in the U.S. earned, on the average, about_______ of the weekly median earning of full-time working men. c. music and the arts. a. glass ceiling d. men gained control of the modes of production in agricultural and industrial societies. are licensed under a, High, Low, Pop, Sub, Counter-culture and Cultural Change, Theoretical Perspectives on Deviance and Crime, Global Implications of Media and Technology, Theoretical Perspectives on Media and Technology, Social Stratification in the United States, Social Stratification and Mobility in the United States, Theoretical Perspectives on Social Stratification, Theoretical Perspectives on Global Stratification, Theoretical Perspectives on Race and Ethnicity, Theoretical Perspectives on Government and Power, Theoretical Perspectives on Health and Medicine, Population, Urbanization, and the Environment, Introduction to Social Movements and Social Change, https://openstax.org/books/introduction-sociology-3e/pages/1-introduction, https://openstax.org/books/introduction-sociology-3e/pages/12-section-quiz, Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. The goal of social interaction is to communicate with others. a. feminization of poverty. The study reported in your text of the household division of labor in 10 Western countries found 1. For example, social justice policies (e.g. Labeling Theory says that in order to label, all of the following, except ____ are necessary. This theory is concerned with how cultural expectations about sexuality and other issues become official sanctions, rules, and laws. "Intersectionality is not just a form of inquiry and critical analysis but necessarily also a form of praxis that challenges inequalities and opens a collective space for both recognizing common threads across complex experiences of injustice and responding to them politically" (Ferree, 2018). d. were frequently owners. This type of approach would appeal to the analytical characteristics typically associated with masculinity. c. gender understanding d. feminist, 1. 1. In the view of functionalism, racial and ethnic inequalities must have served an important function in order to exist as long as they have. a. hiring preferences for veterans a. clinical depression. We recommend using a 1. Conflict theories are often applied to inequalities of gender, social class, education, race, and ethnicity. c. 1965 consent of Rice University. b. women's unpaid household labor was less in the United States than in any of the other countries. the type of masculinity at the top of those hierarchies, and it changes across times, cultures, and subcultures, In general, patriarchal societies are characterized by, Women must earn a _________ degree in order to make more than a man with a bachelor's degree. 1. b. little job security. In simple terms, people in society understand their social worlds through communication the exchange of meaning through language and symbols. Structural-functionalists argue that the traditional division of labor is no longer as functional today because of all of the following EXCEPT d. equality for all groups. Symbolic interactionism aims to understand human behavior by analyzing the critical role of symbols in human interaction. 1920s a. sexually explicit jokes that female office personnel find offensive racism is ordinary, not aberrational (p. 7) Research demonstrates the importance of _________bias, that is, bias we are unaware of. Jeff's statement is an example of a: Which of the following statements is true? c. Further, these voices validate the perspectives of other people of color, which may diverge from the perspectives of the dominant group. To which theoretical perspective does the following statement most likely apply: Women continue to assume the responsibility in the household along with a paid occupation because it keeps the household running smoothly, i.e., at a state of balance? All of the following are true in the U.S. This is consistent with The social construction of race is reflected in the way names for racial categories change with changing times. For example, the institutional research performed by Jant Hund (2019) found when African American and Latinx community college students were taught by same race-ethnic faculty, their course completion rates were higher; this research suggests that hiring more African American and Latinx faculty would serve to improve the course completion rates for African American and Latinx colleges students. Culture of prejudice refers to the theory that prejudice is embedded in our culture. b. gender role ideology a. poor diets c. Beijing Platform b. gaining the right to vote. Sociologists argue that women's jobs are undervalued, because they include a significant amount of On the other hand, Rose (1951) suggested that dysfunctions associated with racism include the failure to take advantage of talent in the subjugated group, and that society must divert from other purposes the time and effort needed to maintain artificially constructed racial boundaries. b. a male perceived to be dishonoring his family. 1. That we interpret and develop our sexualities based on social-cultural expectations, values, and attitudes. b. women are superior to men. The _________ states that "equality of rights under the law shall not be denied or abridged by the United Labeling theory is most closely associated with which of the following sociological perspectives? weakness, or vulnerability, or asking for help. c. motherhood penalty. b. Which of the following cultures DOES NOT have a socially acceptable position for third genders? b. be designed to be stimulating and exciting. d. Postmodernists, 1. d. Southern Baptist Convention. a. family responsibilities b. the practice of promoting within an organization based on seniority c. Canada. 1. a. talk to girls more than boys. This situation illustrates c. little encouragement to follow STEM pursuits. d. the glass escalator. d. integrity, 1. Critical race theory in education, like its antecedent in legal scholarship, is a radical critique of both the status quo and the purported reforms (Ladson-Billings & Tate, 1995, p. 62).