land based empires 1450 to 1750 quizlet

Meanwhile, the population of forced laborers increased, further expanding the wealth gap. Africa was targeted for labor in the Americas because Indigenous populations were decimated by disease and were able to escape with knowledge of the land and the ability to blend in with other Natives. As a result, practices of polygamy were more common. At this time, wealth was measured by how much gold or silver a country had on hand. Why does it have these characteristics? What changes (political, social, cultural) occurred as a result of the Protestant Reformation? Name:_____ Date:_____ Period:_____ Unit 3 - Land-Based Empires 1450-1750 (use presentation and AMSCO p. 353-371) Ottoman Empire Location: North Africa, The Middle East, and Eastern Europe Dates: 1299-1919 Safavid Empire Location: Middle East Dates: 1501-1722 Mughal Empire Location: South Asia Dates: 1526-1857 Political / Military HOW did rulers legitimize and consolidate power? How did this affect ideas of government? Protect Muslims, Centralization and bureaucracies. Legitimizing Power 4. Bureaucracy/Military (ex. They supported exploration by agricultural, manufactured, and animal products as well as supported slave trade. answered expert verified A) Identify ONE way in which ethnic divisions affected the development of land-based empires in the period 1450-1750. b) Identify ONE way in which ethnic divisions affected the development of maritime empires in the period 1450-1750. This blood is provided through wars, conquests and POW sacrifices. Social classes in the Americas were based on race, which is a pivotal difference from the rest of the world. Stopped crusades and expanded Islam. The Sunni and Shia split after the death of Muhammad. Include any . The Tokugawa Shogunate ended in 1868, when the Meiji Restoration restored power to the emperor and ended the shogunate's rule. Negative - no immunity to new diseases, slave rebellion, environmental issues from the new technologies and food. Slaves were captured, transported to holding pens (Points of No Return), and then crammed on ships for the. Women were treated fairly, there was religious tolerance, and education was highly valued. Native American tribes in New England were some of the first indigenous communities to be displaced by British colonists. 1453: Ottoman Conquest of Constantinople, Rise of the Ottoman Empire, 1471: Completion of the Sun Temple in Cuzco, rise of the Inca Empire, 1526: Guru Nanak founded the first Sikh Community, 1682: Palace of Versaille completed in France, 1707: Death of Emperor Aurangzeb, weakening of the Mughal Empire, New military weapons make wars more decisive, Increase in the size and number of Empires, Administrative systems more resources to expand, Collapse of Nomadic Empires room for landed empires to expand, Continued spread of major religions associated with empires. The worldwide transformation into a trade-based economy using gold and silver is known as the, -As a result of increased trade and mining, prices also increased across the board. Land Based Empires 1450-c. 1750 Flashcards | Quizlet Land Based Empires 1450-c. 1750 Term 1 / 22 What were the characteristics of the Ottoman Empire? How do events in this section support this statement? The Aztec Empire is known for its cultural achievements and its sophisticated system of government and administration. The Inca Empire came to an end in the 16th century, when it was conquered by the Spanish conquistadors, led by Francisco Pizarro. Describe European maritime empires: Dutch. the doctrines of a monotheistic religion founded in northern India in the 16th century by Guru Nanak and combining elements of Hinduism and Islam. During the Songhai Empire, the arts, including literature, music, and architecture, flourished. Eliminate repetition by replacing the boldfaced word or words with a synonym from your lesson words. Consolidated power through their military, alliances, and having control over trade routes. They built strong militaries that were able to give threat to competitive empires. The empire was also a center of learning and scholarship, with the establishment of several major universities and the support of scholars and intellectuals. The connection of the Old World (Afro-Eurasia) and the New World (the Americas) unlocked a massive flow of goods, people, ideas, and disease. under the altars of churches throughout the city of Rome What methods of "legitimization" and "consolidation" of power were used by Malian and Ottoman rulers? Before 1450, Europeans did not play a prominent role on the global stage, but after 1450, Europeans were the main puppeteers of the global economy. Brutal Conquests in the 16th century. It was founded by Napoleon Bonaparte, who established himself as Emperor of the French and expanded the territory of the empire through military conquests. The shogunate also established a system of feudalism, in which the daimyo, or regional lords, were required to spend every other year in the capital, Edo (present-day Tokyo). Why does it have these characteristics? The Mexica were a Native American civilization that existed from the 14th to the 16th centuries in central Mexico. What are the various methods used by land based empires to collect taxes in this era? They are still back seat to the Land Based empires. The Ottoman Empire is known for its cultural achievements and its role as a major world power. The Spanish conquered the Aztec Empire in the early 16th century, bringing an end to the Aztec Empire. Their Sun God needed human blood so it would not descend into eternal darkness. Organized people into 10, 50, 100, 500, 1,000, 5,000 and 10,000 led by local officials. \end{array} & 2314.71 & 36 & 64.30 & & & \\ Explain how land-based empires utilized religious art and ideas to maintain power: Land-based empires utilized religious art and ideas to maintain power because rulers were able to either have religious tolerance or have a specific religion that they believe. What is a caravel and why was it significant in the 1450 to 1750 time period? It was founded by the Manchu people, who conquered the Ming Dynasty and established their own rule over China. It was founded by Ismail I, who declared the Safavid dynasty to be the region's legitimate rulers. The Aztecs were skilled metalworkers and weavers and produced many works of art and crafts in gold, silver, and other materials. Would\underline{\text{Would}}Would your cousin care to join us for lunch? The Safavids were patrons of the arts and encouraged the development of a distinct Safavid style of art and architecture. What is a land-based empire? What were the characteristics of the Manchu Qing Dynasty in China? They had a strong military with production of gunpowder and firearms. In the New World, work was done on plantations with slaves, communities were spread out, and there were natives. The Safavid Empire was a Persian Empire that ruled over parts of present-day Iran, Iraq, and the Caucasus region from the early 16th to the mid-18th century. The changes in economic policy and increased trade led to innovations in finances, business, and banking. 1450-1815 in AP European History For SAQ 4, the topic will relate to content between: 1750-2001 in AP World History 1865-2001 in AP US History 1815-2001 in AP European History Each SAQ is made up of 3 parts: A, B, and C. These parts typically progress from simple/straightforward to complex/abstract as you move through them. What were the long-term outcomes? These, Gunpowder technology was getting better, making it easier to use guns. Describe European maritime empires: British. Improved commercial practices led to trade to expand and expand the range of existing trade routes. In present-day New Mexico, the entire Pueblo community rebelled against the Spanish for 10 days in 1680. Turkish leadership but came from Sufi religious order. But some reasons include: Long-term conflict with other land-based powers, which focus attention on land-based concerns. Describe how land-based empires utilized military professionals to maintain power: Land-based empires utilized military professionals to maintain power because it gave them great power that they used to conquer land. In North America, the Spanish had control of the southwest regions, central America, and Florida. Black people traded there. During the Inca Empire, the arts, including literature, music, and architecture, flourished. These diseases killed up to 90% of the population. It was a major player in world affairs and one of the great powers of the nineteenth century. How did the Inca organize their empire and generate revenue? By 1450, more people were migrating in search of religious tolerance and economic opportunities. This included the development of military professionals Learning Objective 3.4.D These are a good comparison of the methods by which various empires increased their influence from 1450-1750. \hline \text { Column 3 } & {10} & {366} \\ As large empires started state expansion and centralization as they conquered land that was already home to natives, the natives resisted and fought back. Global trade was insanely profitable and new elite classes enjoyed this wealth. They were called Cossacks. The conquest of the Middle East, North Africa and SE Europe. In AP World History: Modern, Unit 4 spans from 1450 CE to 1750 CE and accounts for 12-15% of the material on the exam. The middle class included the military, scholars, and other bureaucratic groups. The Mughal emperors, particularly Akbar, Shah Jahan, and Jahangir, were patrons of the arts and encouraged the development of a distinct Mughal style of art and architecture. For example, gunpowder developed by the Chinese changed the method of conquest and made its way through South Asia, the Middle East, and Europe. Methods used by rulers to hold onto power in their empires? This was an extreme case of class mobility, but is an example of what was possible. The Aztecs followed a religion based on the worship of a pantheon of gods, and they were known for their elaborate ceremonies and human sacrifices. If a ruler were to have religious tolerance then he can have other rules and restrictions for citizens to follow since they don't need to believe a certain one. 2023 Fiveable Inc. All rights reserved. What changes in economic and labor systems existed in the 1450 to 1750 time period? Art (ex: Qing imperial portraits, Incan sun temple, Mughal mosques) During this time, Muslim merchants established themselves further in North Africa and the Indian Ocean, which is why Islam is a dominant religion in those regions. The French Empire is known for its cultural achievements and its impact on European politics and history. They brutalized the native population and believed in profit over faith. Which neurotransmitter is inhibited in panic disorders? This site is using cookies under cookie policy . The Mughal Empire was one of the largest and most powerful empires in the world, at its peak stretching from present-day Afghanistan and Pakistan in the west to Bangladesh and parts of India in the east. How did social hierarchies change in this time? The most illustrious sultan of the Ottoman Empire (r. 1520-1566); also known as 'The Lawgiver.' After him (not directly) Aurangzeb forbade Hindus and and reversed Akbar's policies. The empire was also a center of learning and scholarship, with the establishment of several major universities and the support of scholars and intellectuals. It was a Spanish labor system that rewarded conquerors with labor of particular groups. (Refe Settled nomads who were not interested in overseas expansion ruled a few of these states. Describe the Qing Dynasty (use SPICE-T characteristics): The Quing Dynasty was located in Central Eurasia and used bureaucratic techniques to rule. Safavids were Shia Islam, and the Mughals were Sunni, West Africa, Morocco invaded Songhai and eventually brought it down, Examples: Muslim & Hindus in the Mughal Empires, Muslims & Christians in the Ottoman Empire. In the twentieth century, the British Empire began to decline. It also led the European powers to look for a different route to reach Asia, beginning the Age of Exploration. Following the Xinhai Revolution, which ended imperial rule in China, the Qing Empire was dissolved in 1912. grandson of Babur who created a strong central government, officials selected in England to keep order, document that gave England a government based on a system of laws and a freely elected parliament, A form of government in which the ruler is an absolute dictator (not restricted by a constitution or laws or opposition etc. \hline \text { Column 1 } & {10} &{349} \\ The Mughal Empire was characterized by a period of economic, cultural, and architectural prosperity, and it is regarded as one of India's greatest empires. These new markets were profitable, but could only be sustained with a lot of cheap or free labor. It was a time of relative peace and stability, marked by the centralization of power under the Tokugawa Shogunate, a hereditary military dictatorship that ruled Japan during this time. \text { Groups } Disease wiped out most of the population and many that were left were able to escape because of superior knowledge of the land. Syncretisms happen everywhere, but in the Americas there are quite a few examples. A religious movement of the 16th century that began as an attempt to reform the Roman Catholic Church and resulted in the creation of Protestant churches. The decimation of lands and peoples made it difficult to preserve this history. Major center for Islamic learning and commerce. This allowed empires to expand and use the military to take over other empires and conquer land. Describe the difference between the trading-post empire established by the Portuguese in the Indian Ocean and the colonies they established in the New World. Together, they defeated the Portuguese in 1647, but the Dutch retreat from central Africa a year leaving the region vulnerable. The original rules were superseded by the addition of several new directives. \end{array} & \text { Ss } & \text { df } & \text { MS } & \text { F } & \text { p-value } & \text { Fcrit } \\ North of the Spanish territory, the French and British were fueling their rivalry as they competed for land and control of resources. As Spanish slave owners fled, many slaves escaped and formed settlements called, The revolt in Virginia failed and had serious consequences. They had a powerful military as they conquered land and empires easily. 1. At the bottom was the largest class of peasants, many of whom sank into debt and were forced into serfdom. Claimed there were only 2 sacraments: baptism and communion. The Aztec Empire was known for its sophisticated government system, which included an organized bureaucracy and a strong centralized administration. The British Empire was the largest empire in history, with territories on every continent. The Ottoman Empire was a Muslim empire that ruled over a large territory that included parts of Europe, Asia, and Africa from the late 13th to the early 20th century. Give specific examples of states and what they did to support exploration. (predicate adjective). The Qing Dynasty was China's final imperial dynasty. Describe indentured servitude. \hline \text { Total } & 5311.82 & 39 & & & & \\ Was there a faster route going west? Mountain men prevent a civil war from happening States utilized the economic, political and military contributions of different ethnic and religious groups. Centralizing their bureaucracies & consolidating power based on tribute, Unit 3 WHAP Review (c. 1450-1750 CE)Land-Based Empires. The name of the paintin SUMMARYGroupsColumn1Column2Column3Column4SourceofVariationBetweenGroupsWithinGroupsTotalCount10101010Ss2997.112314.715311.82Average349348366365df33639MS999.0464.30F15.54p-value1.2E06Fcrit2.866. European society was ruled by a royal family that gained enormous wealth from trade and corruption. They established the Aztec Empire, a vast empire that ruled over much of central and southern Mexico. \text { Source of } \\ Eventually leaders chose whether to be Protestant or Catholic which led to bitter resentments among them. Mita systems. Indentured servitude was a contract as landowners provided food and shelter for the work done instead of money. Why did this split intensify during the 1450-1750 time period? It was founded in the late 13th century by Turkish tribes who converted to Islam in northwestern Anatolia. How did Sognhai rulers in West Africa use religion to legitimize their power 1450-1700? A body of religious teachings based on the ideas of the reformer John Calvin. West His death effectively ended the Mughal Empire and the. To maintain control, the Tokugawa shogunate established a strong, centralized government and implemented a number of measures. The British Empire was a major player in world affairs, helping to shape the modern world. How did the Mexica Aztec organize their empire and generate revenue? Lutherans and Calvinists did not attend. Some people have argued "to the victors belong the spoils [riches] of the enemy." The Ming Dynasty is also known for its cultural achievements, including the construction of the Forbidden City in Beijing and the completion of the Great Wall of China. The Songhai Empire is known for its cultural achievements and its role as a major regional power. Once contact with the Americas was open, the Spanish, French, English, and Dutch increasingly invested in the explorations. Bureaucracy/Military (ex: Ottoman devshirme, salaried samurai) While the West African people were defending themselves from foreign attacks (external challenges), the Russians were dealing with internal challenges. The empire was known for its strong military, which allowed it to conquer and expand its territory by conquering a number of neighboring states. The Aztec Empire is particularly known for its system of writing, which was based on glyphs, or symbols, that represented sounds and concepts. How did religion lead to conflict in Europe 1450-1700? This is a constant in world history. By the 1670s, the colonists and Natives had largely co-existed. In 1494, they signed the, The Spanish conquistadors brought down the thriving Aztec and Inca empires within a few decades. Legitimized power over the Chinese since the Manchu were seen as foreigners. The Tokugawa period was also a time of cultural and artistic flourishing, with the emergence of several distinct artistic styles and the rise of a wealthy, urban merchant class. Rulers also continued to use religious ideas, art, and monumental architecture to legitimize their rule. . Developed in South Asia due to interactions between Hinduism and Islam. Contextualizing the Unit (1450 to 1750) Before 1450, regional trade was all the rage as the Silk Roads, Indian Ocean network, and Trans-Saharan routes exploded with more merchants and goods flowing. As serfs, they were completely tied to the land and sold when the land sold. How did land based empires consolidate power in this era? Why did they enact these policies? 3. How did the Asante benefit from participation in trading networks in this time period? What continuities in networks of exchange existed in relation to the 1200 to 1450 time period? The French aligned with the Iroquois for protection and trading rights. The Inca Empire is particularly known for its system of quipus, which were knotted cords that were used for record-keeping and communication. Include both positive and negative outcomes. With over 1500 different dialects, most slaves did not share a common language, which meant that native tongues were lost over time. How did the Songhai Empire (c. 1464 - 1591), in West Africa centralize their bureaucracies? members of the Society of Jesus, a Roman Catholic religious order founded by Ignatius of Loyola, missionary activity, The great fleet sent from Spain (Catholics) against England (Protestants), Spanish were defeated, War between Catholics and Protestants; 10 million died, ended with the Peace of Westphalia in 1648, the view that knowledge originates in experience and that science should, therefore, rely on observation and experimentation, AP WORLD HISTORY- UNIT 3 Land-Based Empires (, AP World History Unit 3: Land-Based Empires, Chapter 3 Test Overview of Empires (For Test), Quiz: Henry David Thoreau and Transcendentali, AP World History Unit 1: The Global Tapestry, Unit 4: Transoceanic Interconnection (Explora, Dahia Ibo Shabaka, Larry S. Krieger, Linda Black, Phillip C. Naylor, Roger B. Beck, Human Physiology - Back of the chapter questi. Forty-Niners What is the mit'a system and how was it exploited by the Spanish empire? Jewish populations descended from eastern and central Europe are called Ashkenazi. Ethnic divisions: The majority Han ethnicity faced the most intolerance from the Qing. Cultural syncretism is when cultures blend together and this occurred as slaves were traded back and forth. What were some of the economic outcomes of European maritime exploration (positive and negative). Ruled from 1644 until 1911. He significantly expanded the empire in the Balkans and eastern Mediterranean. \hline \begin{array}{l} The term land-based empire--as it explicitly applies to AP World History--refers to empires which existed during the period 1450-1750. On the backs of millions of slaves, sugar eventually outpaced silver as the most profitable good at the time. How did new technology lead to changes in trade & travel? The Incas were skilled metalworkers and weavers and produced many works of art and crafts in gold, silver, and other materials. 3. \end{array} & 2997.11 & 3 & 999.04 & 15.54 & 1.2 \mathrm{E}-06 & 2.866 \\ separated people into groups of religions etc. However, the legacy of the French Empire lives on in the many countries that were influenced by French culture and institutions during this time. This was significant because it also was one of the best ships for sea travel and trade in Europe. Unified Hindu and Islamic civilizations. . Prior to 1450, world history primarily centralizes on the expansion of . The Mughal Empire ruled over much of the Indian subcontinent at its peak, including modern-day India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, and parts of Afghanistan. What were the impacts of the trans-Atlantic slave trade on the Americas? Anything extra that they collected they were able to keep. Negative - disease spread, environmental issues, slave rebellion, silver taken. His family ruled for 300 years & were the last czars of Russia. Both groups would experience a, In Russia, the social classes were similar to the rest of Europe, except that they continued to practice serfdom. Although some existed before and after, most are confined to this time period. This made the journey more expensive and more dangerous. From 1603 to 1868, Japan was under the rule of the Tokugawa shogunate. However, the Americas suffered massive depopulation because of the spread of disease. Europeans had trading posts in Africa because they then had access to slaves, ivory, gold, and grain. This kept more money in the bank at any given time. In the Ottoman Empire, they were Christian boys from the Balkans who were enslaved & educated to serve the state) helped to consolidate power by creating a very loyal bureaucracy and elite military (the Janissaries). (Christians and Muslims). Describe the Safavid Empire (use SPICE-T characteristics): The Safavid Empire was located in modern-day Iran. What court rituals did the Songhai Empire (c. 1464 - 1591), in West Africa centralize their bureaucracies? Relative to the total population. The most common destination for slaves was Brazil because sugar was so harsh to cultivate that the lifespan of slaves was extremely short (5-10% of slaves died every year). Use these abbreviations: subj.subj.subj. a. In each of the given sentences, underline the relative pronoun and circle the word to which it refers. The Ottomans were religiously tolerant of Jews and Christians, which allowed these groups to thrive and contribute economically. Although mixed children existed, primarily because of forced assaults, the societal norm was segregation and policies supported this tradition. Below the royals was a second class of the nobility, a small wealthy group that owned most of the land. Salvation came from faith alone and the Church could not determine your destiny. A major difference between these two types of empires is that the empires on the left were predominantly land based, meaning most of their power and wealth came from the land. The Portuguese controlled some areas on the Indian Ocean network as they strong armed locals, but merchants continued to trade and migrate. In the 18th century, the Spanish Empire began to decline. New syncretic religions emerged that blended native and colonial traditions. Africans were kidnapped, often with the help of local rulers, and brought to the New World. Universities, mosques, and hospitals were built. \text { Variation } The one thing you need to know about this unit: Lots of territory + diverse populations + external challenges = many different ruling styles, techniques and methods. How did land based empires in 1450-1700 use religious tolerance? 2023 Fiveable Inc. All rights reserved. How did they deal with political and religious disputes? It was founded by Ismail I, who established the Safavid Dynasty and declared Twelver Shia Islam the official religion of the empire. It was also a multicultural state, with Han Chinese, Manchus, Mongols, and other ethnic groups living there. 2. How was the Protestant conflict similar to and different from the Ottoman/Safavid split? Tsar of Russia that Westernized Russia and built up a massive Russian army. Describe European trading posts in Africa. What were the characteristics of Renaissance humanism? The Ottoman Turks were able to control the Silk Road, which was a trading route that connected Europe with the markets in Asia and the Middle East. The mit'a system was to build buildings and create roads through an empire. A trained Ottoman soldier in gunpowder weapons taken as a child and raised Muslim, AP World History Unit 3: Land-Based Empires, AP WORLD Chapter 35: Nationalism and Politica. The, Newtons Laws of Gravitation, Astronomical Charts, Better mapmaking, Astrolabe, Lateen sail, Compass, New ships (caravel, carrack, fluyt), Established Spanish links to Americas and Asia, Harvested cash crops, worked plantations, maintained homes. Intensified the tension between the Sunni/Shia hostility. Who were typically indentured servants in this time period and how would that change in the 1750-1900 time period? During its reign, the Qing Empire experienced significant economic, social, and cultural development, and it played a significant role in world affairs. Utilization of religious ideas to solidify rule. Muhammad left no successor/Sunni = rightly guided person (Ottomans, Mughals)/Shi'a = blood relative of Muhammad (Shia) / Still split today! Ottoman Empire, 1919. In order to resist the Portuguese. Explain how the land-based empires of the 1450-1750 time period developed (what allowed them to obtain and maintain power): Land-based empires were able to develop as production of gunpowder and cannons increased. \hline {\text { SUMMARY }} \\ The Spanish Empire was distinguished by a powerful centralized government and a vast network of trade and colonization. French King Louis XIV built the Palace of Versailles. Missionaries \text { Groups } Japan initially welcomed Portuguese and Dutch traders and. They had numerous canals, causeways, and bridges and central walled area with palaces and temples. It was enormous and beautiful. , r to the interactive in the lesson for information on each group.) An external challenge to the state usually comes from neighboring states or other colonizing forces in the region. How did Maritime (sea-based) Empires exert and expand their power? The French Empire is particularly known for its contributions to the fields of law, administration, and education, as many of the institutions and systems that were developed during this time continue to influence these fields today. It was founded by Osman I, who established the Ottoman Dynasty and expanded the territory of the empire over the centuries. The Han Chinese established the Ming dynasty after overthrowing the Mongol-led Yuan dynasty and establishing a new government in China. China and Japan has isolationist policies as it motivated the desire to prevent forgein influences to disrupt their core values. By 1450, Europeans were set on finding a faster route to Asia. The demand for chattel slavery increased as demand for labor increased. Young men and women from Germany or Britain. The Romanov dynasty ruled the Russian Empire, which was distinguished by a strong government and a rigid hierarchy. Investors were rapidly buying shares based on speculated costs that increased as demand increased. Only the bible could lead you to salvation. It caused labor shortages and spread Christianity as well as colonization. This is also known as the. It was significant because it was the best ship for sea trade. Describe European maritime empires: French. AP World History Unit 3: Land Based Empires c. 1450 to c. 1750 Flashcards | Quizlet AP World History Unit 3: Land Based Empires c. 1450 to c. 1750 Term 1 / 233 it made them have absolute authority, but it also brought about family problems between family members about who should rule, and they killed each other many times Click the card to flip The Columbian Exchange was started by Christopher Columbus and it traded luxury goods around the globe. Through a 8 year conquest moving east ward and stopping at Russia. Advanced technologies, the finding of the New World, and knowledge of monsoon winds and currents. Also there was heavy taxation as well as lots of trade on land and sea. A one-way analysis of variance experiment produced the following ANOVA table.
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